The porcelain imitating the famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, during the Yongzong and Qianlong dynasties, the retro style was even more out of control.
The antique glazed porcelain of Yongzheng kiln has achieved unprecedented brilliant achievements.
Among them, imitation Jun glaze and imitation official glaze are the most successful.
Among these imitations, the furnace jun and tea leaf powder are the most praised by collectors.
Of course, this is an imitation of famous kilns from the Song Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, or it goes back to the celadon glaze.
During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the celadon glaze wares imitating the official kilns of the Song Dynasty also developed well.
However, this kind of green glaze ware was developed in the official kilns of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.
During the Qianlong reign, a large number of celadon-glazed wares imitating the official kiln of the Song Dynasty were fired with regular shapes and excellent texture.
However, really speaking, the celadon that resembles the Song and Yuan Dynasties is still from the Ming Dynasty.
Because the quality of celadon works from the Qing Dynasty is no longer comparable to that from the Song Dynasty. It is obviously of better quality.
Therefore, if you want to imitate antiques, you must imitate porcelain that is more like ancient porcelain.
Now Chen Wenzhe knows Mingyu Factory very well.
He also knew what the imitation Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain unearthed from the imperial kiln site of the Ming Dynasty looked like.
After all, these are all knowledge, and many modern masters are studying them.
Now he only needs to look up some documents to get a rough idea.
To sum it up carefully, there are only a few points.
According to the data unearthed from the Ming Yuchang site, among the official kilns of the Ming Dynasty, only Xuande and Chenghua had production imitating the official kilns of the Song Dynasty.
Xuande imitated the works of Ru and Jun Guan kilns of the Song Dynasty. The imitation products only emphasized the glaze color, not the shape.
Strictly speaking, these imitation Song Dynasty official kiln products are just a little careless.
The Chenghua official kilns imitated the Southern Song Dynasty official kilns, not only focusing on imitating the glaze color, but also focusing on imitating the shape.
Chenghua official kiln craftsmen most likely imitated the Song Xiu Nei Si official kiln wares based on the records in Cao Zhao's "Ge Gu Yao Lun" and the actual objects.
The Xuan and Cheng kilns imitated Song Dynasty official kiln wares, which reflected from one aspect the mentality and aesthetic taste of the Xuan and Cheng emperors in admiring the cultural traditions of the Han Dynasty in the Song Dynasty.
The products of the Xuan and Cheng Er kilns imitated the official kilns of the Song Dynasty, setting the precedent for the official kilns of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to imitate the official kilns of the Song Dynasty.
It had a great influence on the official kilns of the early Qing Dynasty, improved the level of porcelain making technology, and multiplied a variety of new porcelain varieties.
This is the characteristic of imperial kiln factories in the Ming Dynasty that imitated official kilns. The real official kiln works of the Song Dynasty also depend on the antique official kilns of the Song Dynasty.
Among some official kiln works handed down in modern times, one of them is probably the most successfully imitated.
It is a special type of antique porcelain from the official kiln of the Song Dynasty. It is a Cong-style vase from the official kiln.
This official kiln Cong-style vase is deeply rooted in people's hearts for its simplicity and elegance.
In the porcelain manufacturing of the Song Dynasty, a simple and elegant artistic style began to appear.
This is because the overall cultural accomplishment and humanistic aesthetics of the Song Dynasty underwent major changes.
During the Tang Dynasty, the aesthetic views of porcelain and artwork were grand, complex and gorgeous.
After the chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms wars, this prosperous scene caused the rulers to live in intoxication and dream, and eventually became the kings of subjugation.
When Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty, summarized the reasons for the demise of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the separatist regimes, he brought simple ideas into the theory of state governance.
After decades of hard work in the early years of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty began to show a simple social atmosphere.
In terms of clothing, architecture, and art, simple and elegant artistic styles also appeared.
In the porcelain firing process, a fresh and elegant cultural atmosphere began to appear.
The production of porcelain in the Song Dynasty inherited the artistic characteristics and skilled craftsmanship of the previous generation, and also inherited some methods and systems of the previous generation.
In particular, the kiln entrance - the official kiln - was set up specifically to produce porcelain for the palace.
The manufacturing of official kiln porcelain mainly involves primary production of porcelain in the production areas of porcelain clay.
The formed porcelain is then sent to the designated official kiln entrance for glaze application and subsequent firing.
The high-quality porcelain fired from the official kilns was sent to the imperial palace for royal use and collection.
Porcelain with slight flaws will be broken into pieces on the spot and buried underground.
These fragments buried in the production area are of great significance for the identification of porcelain in later generations.
Among the types of antique porcelain, Song Dynasty porcelain not only imitated the shapes of many bronze ware, but also imitated a very special type of porcelain, which is the Cong-style vase.
Cong, which first appeared in the form of jade, has a very long history in ancient my country.
Among them, the most famous jade cong production area is the Liangzhu area in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
This area belongs to the Neolithic cultural period, which is also known as the Liangzhu culture.
The most well-known artifact of Liangzhu culture is the jade cong.
After studying the ritual system, later generations confirmed that the jade cong was mainly a ritual vessel used to worship the earth.
In the Song Dynasty, the love for jade cong reached a very high level.
From this, the imitation jade cong shape also appeared in the production of porcelain, and the cong-style bottle is a typical representative of this kind of utensils.
Cong-style bottles from the official kilns of the Song Dynasty were fired in the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty and the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.
However, the firing techniques of the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty were not as skilled as those of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the shapes of the vessels were also relatively rough.
The shape of this vessel is an imitation of the ancient jade "cong", with a round mouth and a square body. The outer wall of the vessel is divided into six sections from bottom to top.
This bottle is 13 cm high and 10.5 cm wide.
The shape is dignified and the whole body is covered with celadon glaze. The glaze is thick and moist, and there are many small flakes on the glaze surface.
There are 4 such Northern Song Dynasty official kiln Cong-style vases that have been found in the world, one each from the Japanese, Ying and Wanwan Forbidden City, and only one has been auctioned.
The Guan kiln, like the Ru kiln, emphasizes glaze color and has no decorative patterns. The vertical vessels only have concave or raised string patterns or edges.
There are few types of utensils. Except for dishes and kuikou washers, most of them imitate the shapes of ancient bronzes.
This kind of Cong-style bottle is one of the classics. Others include long-necked bottles, Guan-er bottles, Guan-er bottles, animal-ear stoves, etc., all of which are antique vessels.
This Northern Song Dynasty official kiln celadon-glazed cong-style bottle is available in various specifications.
For example, one found now is 32.9 cm tall, 13 cm in diameter, and 15.2 cm in foot diameter;
Generally, this kind of bottle has a narrow mouth, a square arched wall, a circle foot, and simplified animal face patterns on the four corners.
The whole body is covered with celadon glaze, the color is green and slightly shimmering gray, the glaze is thick, warm and moist, with large and small vertical and horizontal stripes.
The feet are painted with purple-brown fetal fluid, and the fetal bones are light gray at the bumps. The texture of the fetus is thicker than that of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The four corners of the shoulder are decorated with the inscription "Guanyin, An, Ji" in regular script engraved after the kiln, which is undoubtedly the symbol of the nunnery.
The Bianjing Official Kiln developed after the Ru Kiln, and stopped firing after the Jingkang Disaster. The kiln site was buried six meters underground due to the diversion of the Yellow River.
But its products can still be confirmed from its heritage.
This kind of Cong-style bottle has an elegant shape. The curved surfaces of the mouth and neck are graceful and smooth. The belly is round within the square, and there is a square within the circle.
The Cong-style vases from the Southern Song Dynasty official kilns and Longquan kilns that have been released so far are all in the shape of a square with straight walls.
The whole vessel takes the shape of an ancient cong, but it can accurately reproduce the essence of the jade cong of Liangzhu culture.
The main ones are arched walls, small horns and animal face patterns.
These are all in line with Song Huizong Zhao Ji's personality of being elegant and fond of ancient jade art;
The decoration is centered on the four corners, and each row has five vertical sections of carved animal faces. The pattern is simple and elegant.