Chapter 1643: Caressing it is like satin and jade, and holding it seems to produce oil
If the bowl body is well made, the porcelain placed in it can be fired better.
Since the support nail technology is used, the support nails need to be made next.
Continuing to strive for excellence, there are also processes such as making cushion cakes.
The last step is bisque firing, and then the main firing process is completed. These processes have very strict requirements for making porcelain.
Each process has a clear division of labor, forming a very excellent and superb Southern Song Dynasty official kiln making technology.
Of course, it is impossible to obtain high-quality porcelain by relying solely on process, as well as high-quality raw materials.
In the production process of official kiln porcelain in the Southern Song Dynasty, a porcelain making formula of high aluminum, low silicon, rich iron was used as the body, and potash-soda limestone was used as the glaze.
The raw materials are produced using very fine three-stage crushing and precipitation and elutriation processes.
The glaze application adopts a thick glaze process of multiple low-temperature biscuit firings and multiple replenishing and glazing.
The manufacturing process of semi-finished products adopts drawing method, scraping method, kneading method, mud strip pasting method, molding method, splicing method, molding excavation method, mud strip panning method and other manufacturing processes.
It can be molded separately, or it can be molded by combining several processes according to the requirements of the device type.
Through a variety of techniques, porcelain with simple shapes and thin walls is produced.
The firing process of official kiln porcelain in the Southern Song Dynasty is not simple. They use high temperature firing and secondary oxidation, so the exposed color is purple-black and becomes "iron feet".
The mouth of the vessel is made of thin glaze, and the carcass is faintly exposed in the thin glaze.
Secondary oxidation to form purple oxidation - strong oxidation - strong reduction - weak reduction firing technology.
Therefore, there are ice cracks on the glaze surface, and the glaze is as plump and tender as jade.
This kind of technology completely combines glaze color, body color, pattern and production technology to form the excellent traditional skills and intangible cultural heritage of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Therefore, if you want to imitate the perfect Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, you must thoroughly understand each of these craftsmanship techniques.
This means that Chen Wenzhe has almost mastered all the techniques of the five famous kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty. Otherwise, he would not be able to imitate just such a Southern Song official kiln porcelain.
If there is no top-notch craftsmanship, even if it is imitated, it will be a low imitation, or at most a high imitation.
And collection-level imitations that can look like real ones must be fine imitations.
There are still many high-quality official kiln porcelains handed down from the Southern Song Dynasty.
There are common types of vessels such as octagonal string-shaped plate-mouth bottles, corrugated bowls, and Cong-style bottles.
There are also special types of utensils such as reverse flow pots, peony plates, gourd bottles, hollow phoenix pattern incense burners, incense burners, five-legged nail washers, exquisite jade, and paper bottles.
There is even one in the shape of a pig, just like today’s piggy bank, a perfect combination of fat and fat!
Each piece of these porcelains needs to be treated seriously, and it all starts with the selection of materials and clay training.
The initial process is definitely the selection of materials, followed by crushing, washing, aging, and finally the clay making.
How you choose the materials is related to the success of the final firing of the porcelain!
When choosing materials, start with the raw materials.
Select raw materials suitable for firing Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain, among which feldspar, calcite, quartz stone, and jade agate are the main materials.
Plant ash and limestone are ingredients.
No matter what kind of material we use, we pay special attention to it and pursue quality.
Once you have the materials, the next step is sinking.
After careful inspection, the raw materials must be precipitated.
After the wind in spring, the sun in summer, the rain in autumn, and the freeze in winter.
After one to two years of heavy weathering, such porcelain clay can be used.
After that, the raw materials after grinding and settling are refined and crushed.
Then use professional tools to grind it, dry it in the sun after grinding, and make it mud after settling.
After grinding and crushing, sifting into powder, water stirring the pond to make it clear, pinch the refined porcelain clay in the middle and knead it repeatedly to turn it into "finger-twisting softness" to meet the requirements of porcelain making.
In addition, the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty specifically added high-quality jade, agate and other jade powder into the glaze in order to pursue a warm and opalescent texture like jade.
Only with this kind of enamel can the enamel be as thick and moist as fat, as pure as ice, and as smooth as jade, achieving the artistic effect of touching it like satin and jade, and holding it as if oil is produced.
With qualified porcelain clay, it can then be shaped, dried and repaired.
Only after more than 70 processes can we produce qualified Southern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain.
The porcelain fired in this way will have sparse and dense patterns, deep and shallow patterns, and will form the famous purple mouth and iron feet.
After overcoming all the technical difficulties of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, you can make Northern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain.
The firing process of official kiln porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty was more complex and unique, and the materials used were rare and exquisite.
Therefore, the output of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty was very small, and most of them were collected by the palace.
After experiencing the catastrophe of war, there are only a handful of official porcelains from the Northern Song Dynasty that have been handed down from generation to generation.
The biggest difference between Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain and other porcelain lies in the glaze.
The embryo body has good water absorption, allowing the glaze to adhere tightly to it.
After baking, the glaze forms glassy texture on the surface of the embryo.
The biggest difference in glaze is the thickness. A thick enough glaze can make the porcelain as fat as fat and as ice-like as water.
However, as the thickness of the glaze layer increases, the embryo body gradually becomes saturated with water, and the formed glaze layer becomes difficult to adhere to and will fall off in one piece.
The glaze concentration is high and the glaze layer is naturally thick.
But the difficulty lies in how to prevent the glaze from falling off.
If you apply a thick glaze at once, it will fall off. How many times should you apply the glaze?
It is not easy to prepare the glaze and figure out the firing method.
Materials need to be added little by little, and small gaps will produce completely different effects.
When porcelain is fired from kiln after kiln and then scrapped, everyone will feel sad.
But in this process, as long as you persist, adjust slowly, and compare experimental data, you can find the most suitable glaze composition and concentration.
Finally, a suitable glaze is prepared, and after multiple glazing sessions, a solid and thick glaze layer can be produced.
The smooth and bright glaze is a characteristic of porcelain, but the glaze of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty is different, it is "foggy".
】
In ancient times, there were no digitally controlled kilns and all relied on manual firewood burning.
Is the different luster of the glaze due to differences in certain substances produced when the fuel is burned?
Is it possible to use the secondary oxidation-reduction method in a simulated firewood burning atmosphere to simulate the reaction between the chemical substances released during firewood burning and the glaze layer, so that the fired glaze surface has a jade texture?
Chen Wenzhe's technology has now reached an explosive stage. In the process of making porcelain, no matter which process, he has reached a level above that of a master.
Although he has not completely broken through to the Grandmaster level, it is not far behind.
Therefore, whether it is embryo making, glazing or firing, he can do it with ease.
He can find corresponding methods and fire them for all the characteristics of Biruguan kiln porcelain.
In fact, taken together, there are only a few characteristics of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty.
First, the glaze color is a single-color glaze, including five colors: pink green, fried beige, moon white, gray green, and emerald green, with pink blue being the main color.
Second, the "purple mouth and iron feet" of official porcelain are the most important feature.
The purple edge of the mouth of the vessel is slightly purple during the kiln firing process.
/
Please remember the domain name of this book: .Novel about Strange People of the Republic of China