Chapter 1,644 Success depends entirely on the fire of the kiln burner
Everyone knows that the reason for the purple mouth and iron feet is that the clay of official porcelain contains more iron.
This kind of mud tire will be reduced to iron-containing components after reducing the atmosphere.
Therefore, the feet appear iron brown and are called "iron feet".
The open slices of official porcelain are turtle-back slices, which are large open slices.
This is not as broken as brother's porcelain glaze, nor is it as thin as your porcelain glaze. Zhao's official porcelain is as precious as Gu.
The color is pink and clear, and the fire is strong, just like eel blood cracking ice skin... This is the opening technique of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty!
Finally, official porcelain is as warm and moist as jade, with a thin body and thick glaze, pursuing the texture of jade, which is also the characteristic of official porcelain.
Knowing these characteristics of official porcelain, what is the difference between the craftsmanship of official porcelain and the craftsmanship of other porcelain?
First, in terms of raw materials, all raw materials for official porcelain are raw materials from around Kaifeng.
The most abundant porcelain clay in Kaifeng is Chenliu chalk clay.
According to historical records, it is one of the four major porcelain clays in China.
Nanhe is very rich in porcelain clay resources. For example, Yuzhou, Ruzhou, Nanyang, Shangqiu, and Boai all have porcelain clay resources.
However, only the local porcelain clay in Kaifeng can be used to produce Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain. This is beyond doubt.
Second, the raw materials of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty were very particular. Jade, agate, and jade were used as the clay.
Only by adding this precious raw material can porcelain with a jade texture be produced.
Before the Northern Song Dynasty, the country's ritual vessels were mainly bronze vessels.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty liked the Four Treasures of the Study and also liked calligraphy and painting.
Therefore, the shapes of official porcelain are mostly related to the Four Treasures of the Study, calligraphy and painting.
In addition to imitating the shape of traditional bronzes, official porcelain also added ancient and ancient ornaments, which was deeply favored by literati.
The official porcelain of the Song Dynasty was neither withered nor carved, neither pictured nor painted, nor inlaid or inlaid, pursuing a heavy, simple and simple style.
Therefore, it is particularly important for agate to be glazed.
Fourth, the glaze color of official porcelain should be pink-green.
Huizong of the Song Dynasty believed in the concepts of Taoism, the unity of nature and man, and the simplicity of Taoism, which is consistent with our traditional culture.
Pink blue represents the color of life, so it was developed on official kiln porcelain.
Fifth, the glaze color of official porcelain pursues the texture of jade. In addition to raw materials, it is also related to firing.
When applying glaze, pursue a thin body and thick glaze, but the more and thicker the glaze is, the more difficult it will be to fire.
During the firing process, defects will easily occur, resulting in a low firing yield.
During the Huizong period of the Song Dynasty, official porcelain was fired regardless of cost, so the jade texture of the official porcelain fired at that time was the strongest and the shape was the most classic.
As for the production process of official porcelain, how many processes are there? This really needs to be studied carefully.
However, there are more than seventy kinds in total. Each of these steps is essential and requires careful study.
But the most important step is choosing the ingredients.
And this step is not difficult, except for the formula mentioned before, which is kaifeng soil.
Because the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty was made of kaolin rich in various mineral elements from the surrounding areas of Kaifeng.
After selecting raw materials suitable for firing Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain, you also need to understand the internal composition of the material.
How to match these main materials takes up most of the weight, so it still needs to be tested carefully.
In addition to these materials, there are also ingredients such as plant ash and limestone.
After the formula is prepared, it still needs to be ground carefully.
The precipitated raw materials are then refined, crushed, and then ground with professional tools. After grinding, they are dried, and after precipitating, they are refined into clay.
Since part of the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty was molded, there was a special step of grouting.
In modern times, this process is generally only used in large-volume industrialized products.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, this was an advanced technology.
Of course, this technology is not used casually.
Especially the craftsmen of ancient official kilns, even if they use molds to make porcelain, it is different from modern mass merchandise.
The official kiln porcelain produced in ancient times is definitely not comparable to the modern crude grouting products.
For example, when the grouting mold is shaping, the official porcelain shape is fed back and the embryonic trimming begins.
It is very important to trim the embryo. If you add more points, you will be fatter. If you add less, you will look thinner.
Because official kiln porcelain has particularly strict requirements on shape, the shape of official porcelain is the first element.
When the embryo is finished, it is biscuit fired.
After the shape is dry, it is then bisque-fired. The oven temperature reaches more than 900 degrees and the shape is finalized.
Later, in order to pursue a thin body and thick glaze, three glaze dippings were required. Therefore, the glazing technique is very critical.
After completing this step, install the kiln again.
When installing the kiln, you must not just place them randomly. After the glazing is completed, the finished utensils need to be neatly stacked and evenly stacked in the kiln.
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The placement should not be too dense or sparse to facilitate the circulation of flames.
Different placement of the kiln will also produce different effects.
Different kiln positions in the upper, middle and lower areas produce different color changes.
The last step is the kiln. In the past, coal and firewood were used to fire the kiln. In recent years, due to environmental protection emission requirements, natural gas has been used.
In fact, coal-fired and wood-fired methods are more popular now.
The so-called coal burning and firewood burning means that we burn firewood first and then coal. We burn firewood first to more than 900 degrees, and then add coal last.
When reducing the atmosphere in the kiln, the mineral components of coal must be used to produce reduction. This is the secondary reduction firing method of official porcelain.
Therefore, there is a saying in the industry: "Success depends entirely on the fire of the kiln master."
Although there is now scientific basis for quantitative analysis, there is a thermometer at the kiln entrance, and there are many scientific and technological means, it is still inseparable from the traditional kiln firing experience.
It's just like the Chinese red porcelain fired by Chen Wenzhe before.
No matter what kind of porcelain, no matter what glaze color, as long as modern people are willing to study, they will definitely be able to make more exquisite porcelain.
Therefore, official kiln porcelain is no exception. When it comes to technology, the technology of modern people is even more powerful.
He knew that there was a master in China who had re-fired official kiln porcelain and made a beautiful work.
This is a rare work with chrysanthemum as the theme.
There is no way, the chrysanthemum is broken, this chrysanthemum has been damaged by modern people.
However, chrysanthemums are still very beautiful, especially after they are made into chrysanthemum porcelain.
Chrysanthemum porcelain is still very special to the Song Dynasty, especially to the city of Kaifeng.
Kaifeng is an ancient historical capital with rich cultural connotations. It has many cultural symbols. It is not only a famous city for calligraphy and painting, but also a famous city for chrysanthemums.
Because chrysanthemum cultivation in Kaifeng has a history of thousands of years.
Therefore, when you come to Kaifeng, not only the city makes you nostalgic, but the beauty of Kaifeng makes you nostalgic even more.
Every year when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, the streets and alleys of Kaifeng are filled with chrysanthemums, making people forget to leave.
This will give people the idea of integrating chrysanthemums with the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty, so that guests can take away the "chrysanthemums that never fade".