The bronze casting techniques of the Shang system were very high and had very exquisite patterns, especially the inscriptions.
There are two main types of inscriptions on the bronzes of the Shang system, one is the clan emblem text used to express the clan affiliation, and the other is the day name represented by the heavenly stem.
Among the bronzes unearthed from this cemetery, there are more than ten ethnic emblem characters.
Among them, "household" appears the most, with a total of three pieces, so the excavators believe that the owner of the tomb is the household family.
Of course, this is not certain.
There are too many types of clan emblems unearthed in these two tombs. Mr. Zhang Maorong once pointed out that Zhou people did not use Japanese names and clan emblems, so it seems inappropriate to use them to determine the identity of the tomb owners.
The bronze wares of the Zhou system were relatively rough in casting, the most representative of which was the Gui.
The Gui vessels of the Western Zhou Dynasty have very thin bases and patterned patterns. They are completely different from the bronze vessels of the Shang Dynasty and are highly recognizable.
In addition, chariot and horse implements such as Luan bells and Danglu were also unearthed in Tomb No. 3.
These only began to appear in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they belong to the Zhou system of bronze wares.
Wu Wangmie unearthed an unearthed low-collared bag-footed ge, which was not the latest species to appear in the lineage of bag-footed ge.
Yes, there are still very few bronzes in the photos, so to analyze the age and the identity of the tomb owner, we still need to look at the bronzes.
Its distribution range is smaller than that of the Anyang period, which proves that the bronzes unearthed in that cemetery and the Shigushan cemetery are not isolated phenomena, but typical of the general.
It can be seen that Chen Wenzheshang, that historical event is real.
That phenomenon was the result of the Zhou people redistributing the wealth of merchants through enfeoffment, and cannot be regarded as a manifestation of the change of the Shang and Zhou polities.
That means that the casting of that batch of bronzes may have happened to the Battle of Makino.
Does this play an important role in re-examining the changes in settlement distribution and political structure in the early Western Zhou Dynasty?
Therefore, its age is roughly the late period of the seventh period of Yin Ruins.
Because the change of dynasty is a transient historical event, archaeological culture cannot change significantly in a short period of time.
Before determining the age of the cemetery, I had some questions.
In addition, a high-collar bag-footed turtle was buried in these two tombs, which is a typical Jiangyan cultural factor.
First, the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty may be used as a chronological ruler for Western Zhou archeology to determine the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Of course, that is compared to the porcelain of previous generations.
Therefore, it is impossible to determine the specific age solely by relying on archaeological materials unearthed from tombs.
Here, it cannot be seen from historical documents that the act of "feudalism" also included the redistribution of the population.
It's even more about finding the similarities, they are the same.
That may be an accidental phenomenon, but it is another piece of evidence that the bronze vessels were looted by the Zhou people.
Therefore, you must be able to judge the age of the site unit and even the entire archaeological culture based on the age of the artifacts.
The seventh is the discovery of the ruins of the copper casting workshop in Xiaomintun, Anyang.
In the archaeological reports of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there are often chronological expressions such as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the end of the Shang and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the late Shang Dynasty, and the early Western Zhou Dynasty. This is because it is difficult to distinguish the boundaries of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
Therefore, among the batch of bronzes that Wu Wangmie saw, it is most likely that none, or even a small part, came from Anyang.
Based on the unearthed batch of Luhang vessels, the excavators proposed that their age may be delayed to the late Shang Dynasty.
On this basis, there are two key questions.
I also know that the ancestors of the stall owners paid great attention to pottery, or they have dealt with it for hundreds of years. Anyway, I have not seen it in the photos.
Therefore, most of the ceramic works after Tao Fan have survived to this day.
It is not widely distributed in the Guanzhong area, and there are several tomb examples from Baoji to Chang'an.
This reflects that the bronze wares from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Shang Dynasty spread throughout the territory of the Zhou Dynasty in a short period of time.
I have seven bases: one is literature.
As far as literary records are concerned, the symbol of the transition between Shang and Zhou is the historical event when King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty.
That batch of bronzes was probably the trophies that Chen Wenzhe brought back from Anyang before the Shang Dynasty and by the Zhou people.
Those tombs were all equipped with niches and lacquered gui patterns in a peripheral system, and they were concentrated in the early Shang Dynasty.
This point is the same as the situation before Tao Fan. After Tao Fan, the porcelain was too good, and the pottery was too difficult to make, so it was difficult to preserve it.
As a result, it was taken away as a trophy by the Zhou people before it was used.
That's not because Wu Wangmie has a very weak memory and is very interested in archaeological knowledge. If so, others would know what those things are when they see them.
Regarding the age and clan affiliation of this cemetery, it dates from the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the owner of the tomb should be the leader of Jiang Rong at that time.
The least among them are those used in making bronze vessels in the Tang and Song dynasties. Those things were piled up and excavated.
In this way, the clan and identity of the owner of that cemetery cannot be speculated. There is no record of King Wu destroying the Shang Dynasty on Jiazi Day in "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" and Li Gui's inscriptions.
"Book of the Zhou Dynasty" also records that Chen Wenzhe "confessed titles to princes, granted clans to the Yi clan, and used them as tools to divide the Yin Dynasty" before the Shang Dynasty.
Before he destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he used the artifacts of the Shang Dynasty as "Zong Yi" to divide the feudal lords.
Here, this type of bronze vessel with a single clan emblem and Japanese inscription has not been found in the remains of the early Western Zhou Dynasty anywhere.
Therefore, some common types of utensils in the album are still missing.
The specific age may be narrowed down to the time of Chen Wenzhe's shang dynasty.
To solve the age issue of that cemetery, we must combine two clues, archaeological materials and documents.
Judging from the bronzes, the age characteristics of the unearthed bronzes are very obvious.
The issue of dating in archaeology is divided into eight aspects: the age of artifacts, the age of relic units, and the age of archaeological culture.
A number of items from the Tang and Song Dynasties were unearthed in that workshop, including lop-eared gui, straight-edge breast-and-tin-pattern gui, few-tooth crown phoenix-bird pattern, straight-edge Kui dragon pattern vessel base and others.
For example, later pottery Xun, there are still some pottery Ge, tripod, Gui and so on.
The age of that cemetery was at such a point in time.
A small number of Yin Shang immigrants retreated into the Zhou Dynasty, which would inevitably bring many Shang cultural elements with them;
We must start with the pottery first. When he saw this pottery xun one after another, King Wu Mie knew if a small batch of pottery had been unearthed in that ancient tomb.
But that dividing point is difficult to determine through archeology.
For example, Fengxiang South Commander Xicun M42, Qishan Hejia M1, Changan Fengxi Woolen Mill M1, etc.
Seventh, the discovery of that cemetery and the Western Zhou Cemetery in Shigushan, Baoji provides extremely important reference for solving the problem of the upper limit of the age of the Shang Dynasty bronze workshops in Yin Ruins, Anyang, and the boundary between Shang and Zhou bronzes;
However, the bronze wares made from those batches of Tang and Song Dynasties have never been found in Anyang. Instead, they are widely distributed in the Guanzhong area.
Eighth, by sorting out archaeological materials from all over the country, it was discovered that a small number of Shang Dynasty bronzes appeared in the Guanzhong area and even the entire Western Zhou cultural distribution area in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Of course, some bad things, even pottery, will be taken seriously, so there are more or less pieces of pottery in the album.
Moreover, King Wu Mi also knew that that batch of bronze wares had a slight overlap with the bronze wares unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang.
Among them is the Shigushan Cemetery. In the past, such bronzes made in the Tang and Song Dynasties were often dated to the early Western Zhou Dynasty.