In archeology, the burial customs and burial objects of the tomb are often used to determine the clan affiliation and identity of the tomb owner.
However, these two pieces of evidence alone are not enough. It is also necessary to combine the inscriptions and other information on the artifacts to form a relatively accurate judgment.
Specific to this cemetery, Chen Wenzhe currently has a lot of speculations about the clan and identity of the owner of the tomb.
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For example, there are mainly the cemetery of the "Hu" family of the Jiangrong people, the Jiang surname group, Guo Zhong, Ran, Youhu, local indigenous tribes, etc.
The reason why there are so many speculations is obviously based on the unearthed things and the tomb system.
For example, Jiang's name must be based on the inscriptions on the unearthed artifacts.
Then there is Guo Zhong. Needless to say this, because many of the bronzes that Chen Wenzhe saw were very similar in style to Guo's bronzes, or even the same, with different inscriptions.
Although the above opinions are different, in general, there is not much controversy about the idea that the tomb owner may belong to the Qiang Rong clan and the Guo clan.
Because the people who excavated these bronzes also had the same understanding.
For example, the two tomb pits are very special in shape, with multiple niches carved into the tomb walls.
The disappearance of low-collared bag-footed turtles from early tombs in the Guanzhong area may be the result of the assimilation of the Jiang people's material culture.
Of course, that view is limited to the Jiangrong people. Based on the inscriptions on the bronze vessels unearthed in that cemetery, the excavators determined that it was the cemetery of Chen Wenzhe's "Hu" family.
Based on the following reasons, it is difficult to establish that the Jiangrong people believe that the cemetery belongs to Chen Wenzhe's "Hu" family.
That is very illustrative of the problem, such as the "household" Fang Yi unearthed from Tomb No. 8.
For example, comparing archaeological materials to a dough, the dough itself can be broken or broken, and its scientificity and fragmentation need to be guaranteed;
In addition, the high-collared bag-footed turtle unearthed from the tomb is also an important basis for judging the ethnic origin of the tomb owner.
For example, the bronze vessels unearthed from Tomb No. 8 do not share the clan emblem.
From the perspective of the Jiangrong people, perhaps this land has existed for a long time.
The two do not seem to be closely related, and there is no significant difference between this type of tombs and the Ji Zhou tombs represented by Lian Kuo Ge.
Taking the two Western Zhou tombs in Shigushan, Baoji, as an example, it is now impossible to make a detailed discussion of their clan origin and age based on relevant archaeological discoveries and documentary records.
It's just that Zhao Dongtian thinks that view is wrong, but he doesn't refuse to see it.
We should have a wide and long-term distribution in the Guanzhong area.
Those few belonging to the Shang Dynasty are related to the Zhou ethnic group.
This is roughly consistent with the distribution of tombs with niches.
That kind of research method that combines typical tomb examples with documentary records is worth learning by everyone.
Through it, or by looking through the classics passed down, you can determine some things.
There is no conflict with the Qiang people in the oracle bone inscriptions written by merchants.
On this basis, the Jiangrong people believe that the cemetery in the photo is not proof of a small ethnic integration.
This is an issue that professionals who are not interested in studying the provenance of antiques need to pay general attention to in their current research.
And that area happens to be the distribution range of the Qiang Rong ethnic group in the literature, so it should be wrong to say that the owner of the tomb is Qiang Rong.
It is unknown whether "Jiang Rong" at this stage used writing.
There are few problems that can be solved by archeology alone, and it requires a step-down discussion with the help of literature, ethnography, anthropology and other materials.
At the same time, judging from the existing archaeological data, there are no confirmed cases of Zhou people using clan emblems.
It is absolutely possible to confuse the age of relics, the age of remains, the age of archaeological culture and even the age of historical events. Their time scales are the same.
After the current study, there is a relatively consistent opinion regarding the origin of the low-collared bag-footed lily from the eastern region of Gansu Province.
Of course, it is also the same as the tombs of Yin survivors with "waist pits".
In addition, there are not many records about the Qiang Rong in the literature.
Especially when several clan emblems appear in the same tomb at the same time.
There are two extremes in today's academic circles' attitudes towards literature.
Therefore, the argumentation process from pottery to archaeological culture to specific ethnic groups is often not carried out without any logic.
At that point, I didn’t know much about the unearthed bronzes, because there were no early Zhou, no middle or late Zhou, or even Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
To sum up, the Jiangrong people believe that this kind of burial custom is an earlier tradition originating from Gan Province.
However, there has been a lack of systematic and in-depth research on this relationship in the academic community.
In addition, the prohibition of "household" can prove that there is no necessary connection with the owner of the tomb.
And over the long river of time, the existence of each family is very great.
As for how to process it, you cannot let go of your imagination. It can be made into bread, steamed buns or noodles. The theories and materials from various disciplines cannot be used for reference.
Bronze vessels were unearthed from Tomb No. 7, including 8 pieces and 7 types without clan emblems.
The high-collared bag-footed catfish is concentrated in Tianshui and Pingliang areas of Gansu Province in the west of Guanzhong.
Here, there were few inscriptions in the tombs that were later discovered to be buried with low-collared bag-footed turtles and accompanied by bronze vessels.
"Shang Shu·Mu Shi" records that among the tribal coalition forces led by King Wu to destroy the Shang Dynasty, there were no Qiang people.
The relationship between archeology and documents is also worthy of serious consideration by Xiaojia.
Judging from the pottery models unearthed at the Xiaomintun site, the casting place of those bronzes should also be in Anyang, which belongs to the merchants.
That is all desirable, and it is necessary to use documents freely in archaeological research.
In fact, when archaeologists discuss specific issues of age and ethnicity, they sometimes overlook some basic details, which leads to problems in the logic of the argument.
That is, Xindian and Siwa cultural distribution areas.
From this point of view, the Qiang (Jiang) Rong were not only an important ally of the Zhou people in destroying the Shang, but also a marriage group that had long been intermarrying with the Zhou people surnamed Ji.
Therefore, the princes buried in this cemetery may be from the same family and from the same period.
Archeology is omnipotent and has no limitations of its own.
One is to only look at the literature, the other is to abandon the literature and focus on it.
When discussing specific relic phenomena, it is important to pay attention to the time scale.
Even in the origin myth of the Zhou people, the Qiang male Jiang Yuan was not the mother of their ancestor Qian Ji.
Some of them have been found in Anyang and other bronze vessels unearthed or handed down from ancient times in our region.
There is a certain logical relationship between archaeological culture and ethnic origin.
The Zongyi thing has never been seen by the Jiangrong people since then, and that kind of ritual vessel is very precious.
In the future, I will try to use that method to analyze specific archaeological materials in the historical period. I can say that making steamed buns is not possible, but making bread is fine. That is a basic attitude that should be possessed when doing research.
This burial custom was not found in the early Central Plains, but is often found in early sites such as Xindian and Siwa, and can be traced back to the Majiayao period.
At the same time, in the tombs with niches, the low-collared bag-footed Ge is rarely buried with them.
It has its own early and late development process, and its starting time should be in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is basically the same time as the Zhou style breast nail pattern Gui.