The drinking order is a unique kind of wine culture in our country. This "Analects of Confucius and Jade Candle" wine order contains the words "Gang Lu Shi", "Lv Lu Shi", "Lu Shi" and "Jade Candle Lu Shi", which are regarded as the deacons at the banquet.
After the banquet is set, everyone publicly recommends the Gong Lushi. The Gong Lushi decides the order of drawing and appoints the Lu Lushi. The Lushi and the Yuzhu Lushi will jointly serve as the deacons of the banquet.
The Gong Lushi is in charge of the Jiu Ling flag and 纛, and is responsible for deciding the punishment for violators.
This set of special utensils for banquets and orders is the first to be discovered among the cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty.
The record of the drinking order system in the Tang Dynasty is unclear. Hong Mai of the Song Dynasty lamented in "Rong Zhai Essays" that "Today's people no longer know its laws."
We already have special drinking utensils, so naturally we can’t forget about the wine glasses.
For example, the plain silver goblet is 14.8 cm high, 14.5 cm in diameter, and 8.6 cm in diameter.
It has a five-curved shape, a deep belly, and a circle foot, with the word "Hercules" engraved inside the foot.
The exterior of the abdomen is decorated with sharp edges.
According to current research by some experts, this type of cup is a "cup cup" used in combination with wine chips. It has a unique shape and is still an isolated example so far.
In the Tang Dynasty, the wine vessels used for banquets were rarely basins, especially those with a diameter of less than 30 centimeters.
It had a profound impact on the production technology of gold and silverware in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
It is speculated from this that the gilt silver vase may be a container for holding elixirs.
There are no seven characters "strong man" engraved on the inside, and all the engraved places are gilded.
It is in the shape of a crabapple, with a slightly raised cover.
After looking at those, the remaining ones are all gilt utensils.
The total number of gold and silver vessels unearthed from Tang Dynasty cellars that Chen Wenzhe knew was less than a thousand.
And in the vault hidden by the tomb robbers, there were less than 1,100 pieces of silverware.
A gilt Capricorn playing in a silver basin with bead patterns and five curves on the abdomen.
Among them, there are gilt butterfly pattern silver boxes, gilt fish pattern silver boxes, etc.
A silver pomegranate jar was unearthed from a Tang Dynasty cellar in Hejia Village, Western Shaanxi Province, along with a small amount of cinnabar.
The plain silver basin has an open mouth and a flat bottom, with the seven characters "Hercules" engraved on the inside of the rim. It was covered under a silver wine vat when it was unearthed.
Four large fishes are carved on the top of the box, which is exquisitely crafted and unique.
That kind of silver plate is 4.8 cm low, 21 cm long and 15.3 cm narrow.
A flame orb is engraved on the center line of the bottom of the plate, and a pair of Luan birds are decorated on both sides.
The abdomen has a fish roe pattern as the ground, separated by bunches of flowers, and gorgeous curling leaf patterns forming three lotus petal-shaped consecrations.
At this time, the number of utensils increased, the craftsmanship was inferior, the patterns were gorgeous, and the national color was strong.
Trays are mostly used to hold various fruits or pastries and are displayed under wine banquets;
The cellars that remain today are not from the Song Dynasty at least, but are mostly from war-torn areas in the Southern Song Dynasty.
At this time, Shen Luyu also saw that there were no goldware in the cellar, only silverware, or at least some giltware.
Among the plates, the worst is a pair of gilt and embossed diamond-shaped silver plates with double phoenixes.
There were few famous moments in the Tang Dynasty, such as the "An-Shi Rebellion". Before that turmoil, the south became a gold and silverware production center.
That kind of large dish is 5 cm low, 15.2 cm in diameter, and 8.2 cm in bottom diameter.
Therefore, Chen Wenzhe knew that it was really unusual for small batches of utensils without the "Lux" brand to appear.
The interior of the consecration is embellished with needle-shaped fan patterns and grass leaf patterns.
Apart from this, there are less than seventy other silver plates, but none of them are damaged.
This vessel is smaller than a wine bowl and should be regarded as a sea of wine. Bai Juyi wrote a poem, "Just take the flower branches and move the sea of wine. I will be drunk now and regret it tomorrow."
The top of the box is hammer-engraved with butterfly patterns, and the lid and bottom belly are also decorated with continuous patterns.
A gilt piece, 7.3 cm high, 34.5 cm in diameter, and 24 cm in base diameter.
Under the plate, there was a pile of large plates, not plates, but silverware.
Eight groups of figures are carved: one is eight children performing the Hu Xuan Dance, one is seven children sitting opposite each other fighting grass, one is eight children performing a drama, and a seventeen-petal flower is carved on the bottom.
It is in the shape of seven lotus petals, with the seven characters "Hercules" engraved inside the circle.
The neck is engraved with beaded patterns, folded band patterns and arabesque patterns.
The gilt butterfly pattern silver box is 4.8 cm low, 5.8-8.9 cm in diameter, and 4.2-5.7 cm in base diameter.
The entire silver box is shaped like a deformed butterfly, and the cover is slightly raised.
A gilt eight-legged silver jar with figures from the Spring and Autumn Period was unearthed in Liulinbeiyin Village, Yao County, Western Shaanxi. A plain eight-legged silver jar unearthed from a Tang Dynasty hoard in Hejia Village, Western Shaanxi is similar to this one.
This figure vase should have no eight legs and was lost when it was unearthed.
The bottom surface is made of small ripples, and is engraved with a pair of Capricorns with their tails raised and wings spread, eyes open and mouth open. Each has a flaming orb in front of its mouth, lined with lotus flowers, lotus leaves and swimming fish.
Among them, Zhenjiang (then known as Runzhou) is the most famous.
The gilt fish pattern silver box is 4 cm in height, 5.2 to 7 cm in diameter, and 4 to 4.9 cm in base diameter.
At the front is a gilt silver vase with figures. That vase is also damaged, which is a pity.
Regardless of whether they are wine sets or tableware, the entire set of banquet utensils will naturally be missing too many plates.
For example, the formation of the Jinyu Village Cellar in Suining is related to the war in the Qichuan area at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zikou, circle foot.
The flower and bird patterns and the raised edges are all gilt. There is another plain silver plate with the same shape and the seven characters "Hercules" engraved on the inside.
8 flying birds are embossed on the edge of the plate and are decorated with flowers and caviar patterns as a background.
The main purpose of the box is to hold cosmetics, but small ones can also be used to hold tea cakes and tea powder.
Most of the products were dedicated to the royal family and were engraved with the "Lux" trademark.
A gilt silver bowl with a seven-curve pattern of parrots holding branches in their hands. The bowl is in the shape of a crabapple. The inner bottom is engraved with a pair of parrots, intertwined with lotus flowers and fish roe patterns. The edge of the ring is decorated with a beaded pattern. The seven characters for "Hercules" are engraved inside the ring. The engraving is gilt.
The gilt silver figure vase is 7 cm in height, 3.8 cm in diameter, and 6.6 cm in belly diameter.
For example, there are only eighty or so plain diamond-shaped silver plates.
Between the bottom belly and the edge of the belly, there are broken grass blade patterns and curly grass pattern belts. The seven curved intervals inside the belly are carved with rare birds, lined with turbine-shaped curly grass patterns and caviar patterns.
Runzhou's superb gold and silverware production technology has made it a central production center in the south.
So that's just silverware, or just a treasure trove from the Tang Dynasty. Since there was no treasure trove in the Tang Dynasty, what about the Song Dynasty? It can only be less!
The three silver basins are regarded as wine bottles, which are the ancient names for the vessels used to hold wine during banquets.
The difference between a plate and a dish is that the plate is smaller and the dish is larger.
However, the small quantity does not mean that they are precious. After all, those products are rarely offered to the royal family. In other words, those things can be regarded as royal objects, so naturally they do not have very low collection value and economic value.
There are two pieces of plain noodles, one is 7.5 cm high and the other is 6.8 cm high.
Plates are rarely used to hold dried fruits and are placed behind guests.
The device has a straight abdomen, a mouth, and a round foot.
It’s just that the cellar mainly contained porcelain, but the owners of those gold, silver, and ceramics hid their treasures on the ground to avoid the war between Song and Mongolia. According to current archaeological discoveries, the total number of gold and silver wares of the Tang Dynasty unearthed in the entire south
There are more than 1,100 pieces, and Zhenjiang accounts for about 40%.
In addition to the wine glasses, the cellar also contains three silver basins.
The basins and cups are gone, and naturally there are many bowls missing.