There is a chrysanthemum gold bowl in the gold and silverware collection of the Southern Song Dynasty in Pengzhou.
The overall shape of this golden bowl is still in the form of a chrysanthemum, with a body of thirty-two curves and a circle of sixteen curves.
In addition to the golden bowls, there are also golden plates, and the main function of the plates is to support them. They can be divided into trays to support food, cups and trays to support wine cups, and bottles and trays used to hold wine.
There are many plates unearthed from the Song Dynasty gold and silverware cache in Pengzhou, as well as gold and silverware.
such as silverware
Plain disc, lion pattern disc, tripod disc
Six-curved sunflower-shaped disk, ten-curved arc disk, multi-curved disk, flower-shaped disk
etc.
In addition, there are drinking vessels, mainly cups, pouring bowls, and plum bottles.
What we are talking about here mainly refers to the utensils used when drinking wine and tea.
In archaeological nomenclature, the recognition of the shape of "cup" is relatively rigid.
Square cup with ribbon pattern, cup with lotus pattern, sandwich cup with dragon pattern.
The wheels of history rolled by, breaking the originally intense life.
A holding pot (silverware) unearthed from the Song Dynasty gold and silverware cache in Pengzhou
However, in order to facilitate research, few professionals now compare vessels with no obvious ear handles and diameters greater than 10 centimeters to lamps.
The other type is the plum vase with a lid. In addition to storing wine, it can also be used as a vase for arranging plum blossoms.
In fact, from the artifacts unearthed in several subsequent cellars, it cannot be seen that the main purpose of the gold and silver wares stored in the Song Dynasty was especially for drinking wine rather than drinking tea.
There are no drinking utensils or tea utensils, so there will naturally be more daily necessities.
A spit pot, also known as a spit bowl or a slag bucket, is used under the dining table to hold fish bones, meat dregs and other food waste.
In some archaeological excavation reports, vessels such as cups and bowls are called cups.
However, very few of them have been unearthed from tombs or cellars in the Song Dynasty.
A basin is a practical vessel mainly used for holding things or washing, and is very common in daily life.
Xu Zhiheng's description of the plum vase in "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" is: the plum vase has a thin mouth and a short neck and very narrow shoulders. It is slightly wider at the neck and slightly plump at the feet. The diameter is only as large as the thin bones of plum blossoms.
They match each other, so they are called plum bottles.
Fortunately, that exquisite cellar has been preserved, lying quietly outside, waiting for you to take a look later.
Generally speaking, a cup is a shallow cup.
sunflower-shaped cup, rhombus-shaped cup, lotus-shaped cup
The most commonly used daily necessities are toilet bowls, such as spit pots, basins, etc.
The lamps in the Song Dynasty mainly include three different combinations: table lamps, plate lamps and scattered lamps.
Through the excavation of several cellars, it is actually not possible to tell whether the gold and silver wares sent to Dai are mostly practical wares.
After the wars between the seven dynasties and ten kingdoms in the late Tang Dynasty and the adjustment of China's territory, during the Song Dynasty, the road to the Western Regions was quickly blocked.
wait.
Here, among the unearthed gold and silver vessels, smokers, flasks and other vessels were also found.
Now that there are no more dishes, etc., how about pouring water and warming bowls?
10 silver basins were unearthed from the Song Dynasty cellar in Pengzhou.
The two have similar utensils during use, such as cups and pots, and also have special props, such as Quji for drinking and bamboo hats for drinking tea.
Together with the table cup, cup cup, and fruit and vegetable dishes, it formed the basic combination of wine vessels in the Song Dynasty.
Although lamp vessels are not the most archaeologically discovered type of gold and silver drinking vessels during the Song Dynasty, they have various forms and rich shapes and decorations.
In addition to the gold and silverware of the Song Dynasty, traditional Central Plains and Han culture gradually returned and was re-established.
In his research on the name of plum vase, Lu Pengliang believed that in the Song Dynasty, the uncovered stone jun was suspected to be used as a wine storage vessel;
The plum bottle is also called a sutra bottle and a wine container. Its shape is characterized by a large mouth, a short neck, broad shoulders, and gradually converges above the shoulders, with rounded feet.
Judging from the evolution of the Chinese dynasties, the historical origin of your use of gold and silver vessels can be calculated from the Warring States Period.
Zhuzi is usually used together with a warming bowl, collectively known as a "Zhuwan". It was a very popular wine-pouring vessel during the Song Dynasty.
After that, it is the bowl and plate, or the stone jun, it is the wine container, not the tea set, and it is not the container for eating.
If there are many plum vases unearthed from the Song Dynasty gold and silverware cache in Pengzhou, there are no silver plum vases with plain faces, plum vases with Ruyi cloud head patterns, plum vases with bird patterns, etc.
The French art historian Danner once wrote this when analyzing the Rubens School of painting before the war in the eleventh century:
Cup (silverware) unearthed from the Song Dynasty gold and silverware cache in Pengzhou
People came back to life, as if they were living in the world for the first time. All the spontaneous literature and unique art were born out of that situation... People see their own essence, their potential instincts, and become
It is a national symbol and will be the dominant force that will dominate our history in the future." There are also many vessels unearthed from the Song Dynasty gold and silverware cache in Pengzhou, such as silverware.
“To see peace again before such a disaster would be the same as retreating from heaven... All daily life has lost its meaning and interest;
For gold and silverware, the influence of Western Region culture is increasingly felt.
People in the Song Dynasty liked to drink alcohol and tea, so naturally they used various kinds of cups.
Wait, they are all exquisite gold and silverware.
After experiencing the fresh and dull Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the magnificent Qin and Han Dynasties, and the majestic Tang Dynasty, the gold and silverware that settled in Pengzhou showed the unique, fresh and elegant style of the Song Dynasty.
Is there any clear boundary between the two functions?
It must be said that the utensils of the Tang Dynasty are open to all rivers, open and full of bold and exotic colors.
In this way, the Song Dynasty was more sophisticated and graceful, and lacked the style of literati.
According to the difference in the main body shape, you divide the styles of injection bowls and warm bowls into seven categories: bottle-type injection bowls, folded-shoulder injection bowls, flat-shoulder injection bowls, and melon-edge-shaped injection bowls.
They were once used to serve rice, soup, and warm wine to entertain guests. They received careful care from their owners and witnessed the quiet daily life of small families in Pengzhou during the Song Dynasty.
A vessel with a deeper abdomen and a straighter abdominal wall is called a cup.
Seven-curved lamp, melon-shaped lamp
Therefore, the styles of gold and silver cups in the Song Dynasty can be divided into eight categories: cups with round mouth and base, cups with one ear and handles, and cups with two ears and handles.
These three types of forms include flower-mouthed lamps, peach-shaped lamps, melon-shaped lamps, and bamboo hat lamps.
There must be many bets.
That thing is not actually a "holding pot". According to the article "Zhuzi Pianti" in Li Kuangyi's "Zixiaji", it says: "In the Yuan and early years, people still used bottles and wooden spoons to drink wine... Ju He, use a little Zhuzi, its shape
Like a poppy, it has a lid, a mouth, and a handle."
And that's a wine storage container, so it's natural to drink too much.
In previous studies, the definitions of cups and cups were generally limited and tolerant.
Those are all used for drinking, and the most famous wine storage device is not the plum bottle.