Chapter 1,786: Exorcise evil spirits and avoid disasters, welcome good fortune and bring auspiciousness
Later, when Zhao Zhenxiu learned about the country's policies and regulations on unearthed cultural relics, he actively handed over the copper rhinoceros and described the process of discovering the copper bull in detail.
According to Zhao Zhenxiu, there were still some things in the urn, some of which were still in the "cow's" belly, and some of which were placed directly in the urn.
After cleaning, in addition to the rhino, there were 24 cultural relics such as bronzes, irons, and pottery.
It was finally identified as a bronze wine vessel from the Western Han Dynasty. This gorgeous, realistic, and clever bronze rhinoceros statue with gold and silver moire patterns bears witness to the charm of the rhinoceros in my country 2,000 years ago.
With thousands of years of history, there must have been more than one bronze statue cast in ancient my country.
Nowadays, there are many private discoveries and some excavations. Due to the popularity of the Internet, several have been discovered.
This also proves that rhinos really existed in ancient my country.
Chen Wenzhe's eyes were really opened this time, because he saw all kinds of ancient rhinos here.
Not only bronzes, but also rhinos in other forms.
Of course, the most famous one is definitely the bronze rhinoceros. Especially in ancient times, there seems to be a special love for rhinos.
That kind of container is specially designed to have no lid on the back, so that it can contain, take out and keep things fresh.
Then use a stone to smooth the embedded gold and silver wires and sheets with the surface of the copperware.
It is considered to be the first elastooth rhinoceros fossil in the known world that cannot be restored and mounted, and is now on display at the Xunyi County Museum.
There is no flap on the back that cannot be opened and closed, and there is no pipe on one side of the cow's mouth. The design is exquisite, the structure is reasonable and practical, and it has high artistic value.
The entire work has exquisite craftsmanship, reasonable structure, and vivid and energetic animal images. It is a model of the organic combination of practicality and beauty among ancient Chinese handicrafts.
The rhinoceros looks majestic and lifelike.
Then use a tool with less hardness to carve a shallow groove, and then embed thin gold and silver wires and pieces in the shallow groove.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, productivity developed and iron tools were widely used, providing material conditions for the development of this technology.
With the addition of less archaeological data, no one in modern times speculates that the production time of the rhinoceros statue may be earlier than the Western Han Dynasty.
Among the rhinoceros-shaped bronzes unearthed around the world during the same period, this rhinoceros-shaped rhinoceros statue unearthed in Western Shaanxi is of the highest quality.
The production process is to pre-cast shallow grooves or glyphs on the surface of the bronze.
Ancient animal rhinoceros fossils have also been unearthed in Western Shaanxi, such as the plastooth rhinoceros fossil located in Malan Town, Xunyi County.
The one that is least attractive to me is the bronze rhinoceros from the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Of course, those attractions to Chen Wenzhe are not small.
Experts from the Shendu Natural History Museum and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, restored and mounted the ancient rhinoceros fossil before restoration. It was 4.8 meters long and 3.1 meters low.
First, use charcoal and water to polish the surface of the instrument one step further to make the surface more shiny.
The use of staggered gold and silver craftsmanship on bronze ornaments began in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, prevailed during the Warring States Period, and gradually declined before the Western Han Dynasty.
Its bones, head outline, muscles, hooves and feet are well-proportioned, resembling a physical creature "rhinoceros".
As early as the Pre-Qin Dynasty, nobles used gold and silver to inlay bronze objects. This decorative technique is commonly known as "gold and silver mist", also known as "gold and silver mist".
The exquisite and gorgeous "rhinoceros" is made of bronze.
In the mausoleum of Li Yuan, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, a pair of stone rhinoceros were found, located on the east and west sides of the Shinto;
From the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States Period, people regarded rhinos and elephants as magical animals, and created vessels that rarely contained images of rhinos or elephants, which were called rhinos or elephants.
The head has no horns, one behind the other and one in front. The ears are short and stand tall, the eyes are big, the tip of the tail is slightly raised, the short legs are thick and weak, and the hooves have eight petals.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, rhinos were relatively rare in China. In the Tang Dynasty, a rhinoceros horn called the Babel rhinoceros was "valued at tens of thousands." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people already knew what a rhinoceros was.
Inlay is to remove things or add edges to the inside. Inlay is to set things outside the gaps. "Inlay" means to grind them with stones to make them smooth. The craftsmanship can be described as precise and meticulous.
The emergence of gold-stitching technology added an aura of wealth and added a new technique to the decoration of bronze vessels. Palace craftsmen made various wine vessels based on the images of those animals in order to ward off evil spirits, avoid disasters, and welcome good fortune.
Making a piece of gold, silver and bronze requires only low-level skills and is very labor-intensive.
In fact, ancient people have known about rhinos for a long time. Rhinos once lived widely in the central and southern regions of ancient my country.
The gold and silver staggered craftsmanship includes two techniques: inlay and staggered.
It is covered with staggered gold and silver decorative patterns, which fully reflects the new changes in bronze craftsmanship during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
At that time, animal sculptures appeared in small quantities in daily necessities, and the rhinoceros statue was not a typical wine container at that time.
It is shaped like a plump and strong rhinoceros, with a realistic style.
The stone rhinoceros on the east side was moved to the stone carving room of Chang'an Stele Forest Museum in 1960, while the stone rhinoceros on the west side was buried on the ground.
In 1975, a rhinoceros was found in the mausoleum of Emperor Bo Taiqian, the birth mother of Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng, and a red panda was buried there. This is the only one found in domestic archeology.
Its head is raised flat, with no horns underneath, and its seven short legs are thick and strong, weakly supporting its light body, making the entire image look like a mountain protruding from an overhanging rock.
During the Han Dynasty, countries in rhinoceros-producing areas returned rhinos as tribute to the royal animal gardens of the Central Plains, where they were kept in captivity together with lions, elephants and other animals.
Its preciousness lies in the fact that it embodies the rich imagination and skillful metal casting processing technology of ancient craftsmen.
The process is divided into casting, groove identification, inlay and grinding.
For example, fossils of Rhinoceros mei are unearthed from the Xishuidong site in Lantian County, the Huashilang site in Luonan County, and the Tianshuigou site in Dali County.
There are 62 pieces including the mandible, lower molars, upper incisors, scapula, hip bones, etc.
The so-called embroidery of gold and silver does not mean inlaying gold and silver wires or sheets under the cast bronze vessel into various gorgeous and beautiful patterns, and then polishing the surface of the vessel.
At this time, bronze wares broke through the freedom of molded patterns and invented the gold and silver interlacing technology of using gold and silver wire to decorate the surface of the wares.
Rhinoceros fossils have been unearthed from many sites in the Early Paleolithic Age in Western Shaanxi.
The development of this technology relies on steel knives, steel chisels, and steel mirrors.
The animal sculptures of the Western Zhou Dynasty were famous for their freedom and vividness in creating images, and they achieved great success.
Although its eyes are small, they are full of energy.
For example, the "Bronze Rhinoceros Statue" unearthed in Baoji is not one of the most outstanding examples.
The surface of the utensils decorated with the "staggered gold and silver" process, the gold, silver and bronze complement each other with luster, making the patterns and inscriptions look gorgeous and elegant.
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