Chapter 1787: Ingenious workmanship of gold and silver
The technology of gold and silver is more troublesome to implement, but it is definitely easy to use now.
After all, if counterfeiting requires too much labor, the cost will increase sharply, which is definitely not worth the loss.
However, this does not mean that these techniques are useless, for example, they can be used to imitate antiques.
Looking at the bronze horse head in front of him, Chen Wenzhe felt very sad. This thing should be one of the few national treasures that has been scattered abroad.
There are many things like this abroad. It can be said that as long as they are made using gold and silver craftsmanship, they are generally lost from the country.
The gold and silver interlaced bronzes scattered in major museums around the world are both fascinating and heartbreakingly beautiful.
Because the gold and silver craftsmanship is a unique skill in the decoration of ancient Chinese bronzes.
"Cuo" refers to processing, which is one of the eight major metalworking crafts in ancient my country.
It is an ancient top craft that once amazed the world.
Its glory has remained undiminished for thousands of years.
There are not many fine gold and silver pieces like that, such as a gold and silver rhinoceros with a hook, from the Warring States to Han Dynasty.
In 471 AD, the eight families of Han, Zhao, and Wei eliminated other forces and divided the Jin Kingdom among themselves, which was known in history as the "Eight Families Divided Jin".
According to research, the production of gold and silver coins ended in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period of your country, and became slightly popular in the middle and late Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty.
Such beautiful artifacts are extremely valuable. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, they naturally became the target of plunder. The gold and silver craftsmanship was first seen in the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and was mainly used in various bronze vessels, chariots and horses. and decorative patterns under practical objects such as weapons.
It is one of the typical representative works of gold, silver and bronze wares during the Warring States Period. It can only be said that it is lucky to be able to stay in China.
Gold and silver interlocking craftsmanship is one of the metal finery decoration techniques of the ancient Han people in my country. It was first seen in the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and flourished in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period.
It is heated over a smoky charcoal fire to evaporate the mercury, and the gold pattern is fixed on the surface of the bronze.
The first is the inlay method. The gold and silver inlay method is also called the "gold decoration method".
The eighth step is inlaying, and the seventh step is grinding.
The first step is to make "gold amalgam".
The artifacts unearthed among them are of exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite beauty.
Its production is divided into seven steps. The first step is to make a master mold and pre-engrav the grooves so that gold and silver can be embedded in the grooves before the vessel is cast.
The gold and silver horse-head-shaped bronze shaft was unearthed from the tomb of a noble of the Wei Kingdom in the mid-Warring States Period. It is the lowest-standard among the Wei tombs known to date.
Wei's territory was in the southwest of present-day Xishan Province and the northern part of Nanhe Province in Duanyi, and then moved to Xiaoliang.
It is the product of the development of ancient Chinese science and technology to a certain stage. Its exquisite craftsmanship and ingenuity are breathtaking.
The Han Dynasty was the most popular era of gold and silver craftsmanship in my country. What did people say about this period?
There are mainly seven methods of making gold and silver patterns on bronze vessels in ancient China.
That kind of craft is the product of the development of science and technology in ancient China to a certain stage. It is inspired by painting. It uses bronze as the basic background and uses gold and silver instead of painting materials, so as to achieve exquisite "painting" under bronze objects. Gorgeous graphic effect.
Resurrecting the non-painting method, the painting method is also called "gilding" and is the main decorative technique for gold and silver in the Han Dynasty.
When ancient craftsmen cast bronzes and made models, they would leave grooves on the surface of the objects and not only carve them, but also leave uneven pits at the bottom of the grooves, which would be extremely small and detrimental to the metal.
adhesion;
Use lacquer to decorate the underside of the bronze with various intricate and simple patterns, or paint it into pre-cast grooves.
After the gold wire or gold sheet is inlaid, the surface of the copperware is not smooth. It must be polished with a stone to make the surface of the gold wire or gold sheet and the copperware naturally smooth and achieve a perfect fit.
The book has only one explanation for the word "cuo": "Cuo means Jin Tu Ye, from the sound of Jin Xi".
For fine decoration, patterns need to be drawn on the surface of the vessel with ink, and then shallow grooves are carved according to the patterns. This was called engraving in ancient times, also called "engraved gold".
In 403 AD, Wei was conferred the title of "Prince" by King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty and became a weak country in the Central Plains during the Warring States Period.
The bronze shaft is in the shape of a horse's head, with wide eyes and erect ears.
Xu Shen, an elementary school student in the Han Dynasty, compiled a small dictionary called "Shuowen Jiezi".
That gold and silver bronze ware represents the lowest level of Wei bronze casting and gold and silver craftsmanship, and also reflects the splendor and extravagance of aristocratic life.
The horse head that Chen Wenzhe saw was not one of the finest pieces. It was a gold and silver horse head-shaped bronze ornament.
It is gold and silver!
Step seven, gold coating.
The bronze chariot ornament from the Warring States Period collected in the National Museum is an ornament from the Wei State during the Warring States Period.
Wei was a minor aristocrat of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period, and gradually became a weak political force.
The main steps of the painting method are complex and complicated, and difficult to say, but it is really something that only a few people can do well.
Quite a lot of ornaments like that have been lost to small museums across the country.
Yes, the gold and silver inlaid copper leopard is from the Western Han Dynasty. In 1968, it was unearthed from the tomb of Dou Wan, wife of Prince Jing Liu Sheng of Zhongshan in Mancheng, Beihe Province.
This cannot be seen from the Han people's interpretation of the word "Cuo": "Cuo means gold coating".
The manufacture of "gold amalgam" is a chemical process.
The small tomb in Guwei Village, Huixian County, is a small "middle" shaped tomb (a tomb with two tomb passages). There is no cemetery around it, and it is similar to the size of the tombs of princes, so the unearthed chariot head decorations are normally exquisite.
The seventh step is chiseling. Before the bronze is cast, the grooves need to be chiseled.
Its head and neck are decorated with cloud patterns, scale patterns and diagonal lines using gold and silver craftsmanship. It is exquisitely made and is one of the typical representative works of gold and silver bronze wares during the Warring States Period.
One is the mosaic method; the seventh is the painting method.
At the beginning of the Warring States Period, Marquis Wen of Wei carried out economic, political and military reforms, which accelerated the feudalization process of Wei State and made Wei State a weak country with no name in the early Warring States Period.
In short, instead of coating gold and silver on the utensils, how can we create detailed and exquisite gold and silver staggered patterns?
First, it is polished with a stone, and the gold and silver patterns are integrated with the utensil itself, giving off a stunning luster.
Then, mercury twice as much as gold is added to condense it into a liquid, making what is called "mud gold".
Step eight, golden roast.
It is a kind of car decoration, which is decorated under the shaft of the car. It is not only for the sake of appearance, but also to wish good luck when traveling.
No matter what we call "gold and silver wrong" in ancient times or "wrong gold and silver" today, the words gold and silver are easy to understand, but "wrong" is not so easy to understand.
That is to put the gold fragments in the crucible and heat it to below 700 degrees Celsius.
The real thing is from the Warring States Period. Fortunately, I didn't lose it in the country, but kept it in the National Museum.
It is 8.8 centimeters low, 13.7 centimeters long, and 4.8 centimeters in diameter. It was unearthed in 1951 in Ku Wai Village, Huy District, Nam Ha Province.
After the following process is completed, thin gold wires or gold sheets are embedded outside the groove, which are all pure gold.
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