Chapter 1788: Rusty, Thousand Years of Vicissitudes
There are many beautiful artifacts scattered in museums around the world. If we want to see them today, we have to buy tickets.
It looks like a gold and silver tiger head chariot and horse implement, something from the Warring States period.
There is also a gold, silver, and bronze winged tiger, something from the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that it was unearthed in Hui County, Nanhe, and is now hidden in the British Museum.
Others include gold and silver Gui, from the Warring States Period, collected by the Guimet Museum in France.
Bronze chariot and horse gear inlaid with gold and silver, early Western Han Dynasty, in the collection of Chou State J.Y.
A gold and silver square pot, from the Warring States Period, collected by the Victoria and Albert Museum, England.
There are so many things like this that are hidden abroad. The more famous ones include wrong gold and silver swords, wrong gold and silver traveling rings, wrong gold and silver car ornaments, wrong gold and silver chariot and horse ornaments, wrong gold and silver mythical beasts, etc.
The stars are changing, but the wind is flowing?
The utensils are speechless, and the bronze has long been stained with rust.
And those pieces of gold and silver are still shining brightly, as if silently telling the vicissitudes of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.
At that time, the gold plating layer is made dense and firmly combined with the cast object until a shiny gilt layer appears on the surface.
Gilt-gilding is the pinnacle technique of ancient metal crafts and decorations in our country. It shows the profound smelting culture of your country and is also the brilliance that will always shine through.
For example: the "Chu Xiaoguan Si Groove Bell" from the late Warring States period unearthed from the tomb of King Jing in Zhongshan, Beihe Mancheng, and the "Changxin Palace Lantern" unearthed from the Dou Tomb.
A gilt-copper "wine bottle" unearthed from the burial pit at Maoling No. 1 in Western Shaanxi during the eighth year of Emperor Cheng's reign in Heping, and a gilt-copper "inkstone drop" from the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Xucheng, Sujiang.
Among the four small fine gold crafts in ancient times, in addition to gold and silver interlacing, gilding, and filigree inlay, the seventh one is hammer hammer.
In ancient times, gold plating was used on a small scale in some luxury goods, mainly to save gold.
In the past, the technique was wiped and pushed at the same time. Modern craftsmen call this technique "tying", with eight points of wiping and one point of tying.
Gilding is a traditional tradition in our country. The working people in ancient times summarized and created the craftsmanship in production labor. The splendor and brilliance will fade over time.
This process, commonly known as "gilding", is applied to the surface of the copper ornaments to be plated.
The beauty of gilding first appeared in the Warring States Period, and has a history of less than 2,000 years.
Generally, they are gilt copper inkstones, which are a combination of gilding and inlay.
"The horse stepping on the book is full of poetry, and the gold-plated horse has no ancient style."
Here, the Diancui technique is often used and achieves brilliant results.
There are also many gilt handicrafts, such as the gilt Ruyi double peach inlaid with coral, the gilt filigree forehead ornament, the Gaoxiang Piao Lei silk nail set inlaid with beads, the silver gilt beaded Garuda statue, etc.
It can be said that there is no exquisite work in all ages.
Then pour in the mercury and stir it to completely condense the gold into the mercury.
There are very few of them that you have all come across and heard about. For example, you have heard about gilding craftsmanship.
In fact, ground gold plating, also known as fire gold plating, is to condense gold into mercury to form a slurry of gold amalgam. The gold amalgam is evenly applied on a clean metal surface, and is cooled to volatilize the mercury and solidify the gold and metal surface.
Forms a dull golden coating.
The four minor gold-making techniques are gilding, filigree inlay, hammering, gold and silver interlacing, filigree, fried beads, chiseling, and tired silk!
After cleaning, calendering and other processes, a beautiful gilt piece is born.
Even some insiders don’t really know much.
How is such a gorgeous utensil made? In fact, there are only a few steps, less than seven in total.
First, the gold is forged into gold foil, cut into pieces, placed in a crucible and cooled to about 400oc.
There were eight types of top crafts like this in ancient my country.
If the copper stick is made of copper, flatten one end and smear it with sour plum juice before immersing it in mercury.
If the metal is required to be thicker, the following process needs to be repeated several times.
Until the Qing Dynasty, there were very few gilt artifacts left from each dynasty.
Repeat a few times to coat a layer of mercury and let it dry.
This method takes advantage of the ductility of gold and silver, using a hammer to hit the gold and silver to stretch it into sheets, and then form various shapes and decorations as required. In actual operation, the copper parts were gilded seven times, and the gold layer was thick.
About 36 microns.
By the Ming Dynasty, the number of fine works had not increased.
However, other craftsmanship is also outstanding!
And many of them are things we have heard of but don’t know the specific details.
At that time, the gold was fixed under the copperware, and its color also changed from white to golden yellow. This process is commonly known as "opening gold".
And that kind of craftsmanship is not actually the precise gold and silver technology that originated from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
The eighth step is to bake it over charcoal fire at an appropriate temperature to evaporate the mercury.
I won't say much about that. The main reason is that Chen Wenzhe has very low attainments in this craft. I also used that craft to make a multi-jewel flower bonsai.
Throughout the ages, there have been countless beautiful works.
That process is still used on a small scale, but the method has become the same.
For example, there are gilt and silver copper belt hooks inlaid with jade from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, gilt and silver belt hooks with jade and glazed inlays from the Warring States Period, and gilt and silver bamboo-jointed copper smokers from the Western Han Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, it reached its peak. The gilt works of the Tang Dynasty included copper dragons without iron cores, gilt silver spoons with four curves and chiseled flowers, gilt silver jars with parrot patterns and handles, and gilt and silver hairpins with mandarin duck and lotus patterns.
Like gold and silver, many people have heard of it, but not many really know about it.
After all, the gold and silver craftsmanship is only one of the eight major metalworking crafts in ancient my country. In addition, there are seven more.
That is to ensure that the metal structure is dense and adheres firmly to the utensils.
For example, Ming Dynasty gilt silver silk inlaid pearl headdress, gilt silver hairpin with precious stones and flower pattern, gilt silver hairpin with precious jade longevity star, silver gilt flower and butterfly pattern spoon.
Before the Tang Dynasty, there were the Seven Dynasties' hollow gilt silver cushions with the inscription "Long Live Qianqiu", the Northern Song Dynasty's gilt lotus treasure silver incense burners, and the Southern Song Dynasty's gilt silver plates with the pattern of gathering four immortals.
It reached a sublime artistic level in the late Ming Dynasty and was generally good at weaving and stacking techniques.
This process is commonly called "calendering".
Seventh, before using charcoal to polish off the patina on the surface of the copper ornaments, use a "gold-coating stick" dipped in a mixture of gold mud, salt, and alum to spread evenly on the surface of the object.
For example, Chen Wenzhe was later involved in a craft - filigree inlay.
Then pour it into hot water and let it cool, gradually turning into a silver-white mud-like gold amalgam. The liquid is commonly known as gold mud. This process is commonly known as "killing gold".
And this is just one process used on a bronze rhinoceros. There are at least seven other processes like this in China.
Judging from the gilt and clear copper artifacts unearthed since the Warring States Period, it can be said that there are many kinds of craftsmanship.
The seventh step is to scrub with a brush dipped in sour plum water, and then use a "press" made of agate or jade to grind and press along the surface of the object.
These are gold processing technologies that have been accumulated in China for thousands of years. They are an important wealth of your country. Each one is breathtaking!
Naturally, there are even fewer exquisite products from the Qing Dynasty, such as silver and gold inlaid enamel inkstone boxes, gold and jade inlaid hairpins, copper and gold imperial concubine corals, silver and gold inlaid ivory hand mirrors, etc.
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