Chapter 1814: Under the sunshine, no fiber is damaged
In archaeological excavations, it is often seen that
"Combined casting style". That is, each mirror has two pottery molds. Patterns are carved on the back of the mirror, and a concave part for the mirror button is engraved in the center. A short, thin rod-shaped mold is made of clay of the same quality as the mold.
The "sand core" is embedded horizontally in the middle of the mirror frame. The mirror frame is carved into a concave plane, and then the two frames are combined into one.
When casting a mirror, hold the injection port upright and slowly inject the copper solution. After the solution cools, take out the cast mirror and grind it to identify the appearance.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were also exquisite and exquisite hollow patterned bronze mirrors. This type of bronze mirror was made using a separate casting method, in which the mirror surface and mirror back decorations were cast separately and then sandwiched together.
This kind of composite bronze mirror has basically disappeared since the Warring States Period. In the production practice, ancient Chinese craftsmen constantly summarized the skills of smelting and casting bronze mirrors.
As early as "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji", the alloy ratio for making bronze mirrors was recorded. When Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, ordered the mirror casting factory in Yangzhou to cast the abbot's small mirror.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the development of casting technology, bronze mirrors broke the traditional round and square formats of the past.
The article begins with: "Zou Ji had no more than four feet to spare, and his body was beautiful. Looking into the mirror from his court clothes..." In 1986, Sujiang Province exhibited a Han Dynasty bronze mirror in an exhibition of cultural relics census results.
After the Warring States Period, craftsmen continued to explore and experiment. Studies have shown that the light transmission of bronze mirrors is caused by the internal stress generated during the cooling and processing of the mirror surfaces.
As a result, although the graphics and text are on the back, there are no signs on the mirror surface. The copper on the lead surface is added, and bubbles are easily generated when the tin alloy solidifies, preventing the occurrence of defects such as blisters.
When casting a mirror, the thin parts of the mirror are heated first, and the thick parts are heated first. The shrinkage of copper is small, which causes various parts of the mirror to appear. The convex and concave corresponding to the graphics and text on the back of the mirror are flat and curvature differences.
The size of large bronze mirrors is especially 3 cm to 8 cm. They are large, compact, heavy and thin. They can be tied around the waist with a rope and carried around.
Such technological improvement reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. Zhongzong rode a horse and looked at the precious mirror to look at his majestic appearance riding on the horse. He was very proud.
A copper bracket is inserted into the button, which is the same as the mirror stand in Gu Kaizhi's "Men's Proverbs". Ancient scholars in your country have long discovered the light transmission effect of light-transmitting mirrors.
According to records, there was no small square mirror in the Xianyang Palace of Qin Dynasty, which was 4 feet narrow and 5 feet 9 inches low. According to chemical analysis by modern scholars, the alloy composition of various bronze mirrors varies depending on the production area and era. The composition of copper and tin
The proportions vary greatly.
Before lead was added to the alloy, the quality of the bronze mirror casting was improved. The mirror stand in the painting is floor-standing, with the support rod inserted into the mirror button, and there is no tray in the middle of the mirror stand.
"Half gold and tin are called the equal measure of mirrors." That is, 50% copper and 50% tin, which are the mixture for casting mirrors. Before the Song Dynasty, seats became lower and lower, and the furnishings of a table and seven chairs gradually became finalized, giving rise to a low-rise style.
The mirror table is a piece of furniture similar to a modern dressing table, with the mirror fixed on the bottom by a frame.
Zou Ji wore bad clothes and a bad hat, and looked at his appearance in the mirror. Before liberation, he first discovered two light-transmitting mirrors in Xiaohai, and successfully copied them after research by Xiaohai Jiaotong Primary School, and finally unveiled the
The mystery of the "phantom mirror". A woman is sitting on the right side of the painting, facing a mirror stand. A woman in front of me is combing my hair with a comb.
Lead can make the surface of the cast product normal and even; it is generally the invention of the transparent bronze mirror in the Han Dynasty, and it is another milestone in the mirror casting process.
Song Dynasty Zhou Mi's "Yunyan Passing Eyes", Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan", Jin Dynasty Ma Sichou's poem "Fu Boyu Translucent Mirror", Ming Dynasty Lang Ying's "Yixi Lei Manu", Qing Dynasty Zheng Fuguang's "Mirror Mirror Madness", etc. , there is no record or research on translucent mirrors.
Therefore, once the sun shines on it, the patterns on the back will be reflected. The translucent mirror was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and its shape is the same as a special mirror.
Small bronze mirrors are not what you call dressing mirrors. They are often found in royal palaces and the homes of princes and dignitaries.
As for the Song Dynasty, influenced by the ancient customs, the antique tripod-shaped and antique bell-shaped bronze mirrors were cast, which are more contemporary style.
Before the Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu Dynasty, no little writer Lu Ji moved from Wu to Luo Dynasty. There are very few records about this type of bronze mirror in ancient history. The most difficult thing to remind you is Zou Ji's satire on Qi Dynasty in "Warring States Policy·Qi Ce" The story of a mighty king accepting advice.
There is no Shi Le, a barbarian who dominates the north. There is a small mirror placed outside my palace, with a diameter of no more than seven or eight feet, and a seat decorated with a pure gold coiled dragon.
Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Jin Dynasty, gave a detailed description of the use of bronze mirrors in the famous "Men's Proverbs".
Since the Warring States Period, lead has been commonly contained in bronze mirror alloys. Behind the Hall of Renshou, we also saw a small square bronze mirror, 5 feet high and 3 feet 3 inches narrow.
Another copper pillar was made, embedded with some gold flowers and silver leaves, and the abbot's small mirror was placed downstairs in the palace garden.
It is impossible to take advantage of the fact that lead shrinks when it condenses and heats, so that the pattern on the back of the cast mirror is generally flat. Most scholars believe that this valuable document is a work from the Warring States period.
In the documents from the Eight Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there is no record of
"Sterling Silver Mirror Stand",
"Tortoiseshell and finely engraved mirror stand",
"Jade mirror stand" etc. But when the light shines on the mirror, the image of the patterns and inscriptions on the back of the mirror will be reflected on the wall opposite the mirror. The ancients called it
"Fantasy Mirror". The size of ancient bronze mirrors in your country varies greatly, but the small bodies can be divided into eight categories: small, medium and large.
The bronze mirrors of the Tang Dynasty are even more unique. Tang mirrors have various shapes and are cleverly used. The bronze mirrors are mostly round, followed by square ones.
Next to the figures, there are mirror boxes and other objects placed. Medium-sized bronze mirrors range in size from 10 cm to 39.4 cm. They are thick, thick and exquisite. When in use, they are either hung under the wall or placed under the mirror stand. After use, the mirror boxes are not yet exquisite. Store.
There is no mirror stand that can be placed under the table. The craftsmanship is exquisite, but the era is relatively late. During that period, according to the requirements of use and decoration, mirrors with handles and four rhombus, rhombus, and four arc shapes were cast. Shape, heptagonal, rounded square, sub-shaped, cloud plate-shaped, chicken heart-shaped and other bronze mirrors.
When a person stands outside the courtyard, his whole body will be illuminated very turbidly. There is a woman on the left, slightly raising her head, facing another mirror, and her face is reflected in the mirror.
From the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, extremely small bronze mirrors were also cast. But it should be said that it also contains a summary of the bronze casting experience since the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
"Taiping Guangji" records: The ancient mirror obtained by King Du of the Sui Dynasty
"If the sun shines on it, the ink behind the painting will penetrate into the shadow, and every detail will be damaged." By the Han Dynasty, the technology for making bronze mirrors had not improved.
Lead caused the alloy solution to circulate badly in the casting mold. When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was living a dissolute and shameful life in Yangzhou, there was no sycophant named Wang Shichong. He donated a bronze mirror screen to Emperor Yang.
With his favor, he was promoted to the important position of Jiangdu Tongshou.
Because that type of mirror stand is large, it is often made of expensive materials.
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