Chapter 1815: Inlaid with red copper, portrait mirror
Ever since the invention of the mirror, people have naturally wanted to make large full-length mirrors.
Some emperors and nobles were also able to obtain such large mirrors.
However, it has been difficult for us to find the actual large bronze mirror of this kind for a long time.
It was not until 1980 that a large rectangular multi-knuckle bronze mirror with Kui dragon pattern and a large bronze mirror dating from before and after Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed from No. 5 of the ancient tomb in the south of Wotuo Village, Dawu Commune, Linzi, Qilu Province, and we saw a large bronze mirror.
This mirror is 115.1 centimeters long and 57.5 centimeters wide. It has five ring-shaped chord buttons on the back and two buttons cast on each short side.
Each ring button is decorated with persimmon-shaped patterns.
The back is also decorated with entangled patterns of Kui dragons, which are curled and interlaced freely.
This large bronze mirror was probably supported by pillars and seats. The buttons on the back and sides of the mirror were probably used to fix it to the pillars and seats.
This is the world's largest bronze mirror. Chen Wenzhe had seen it before and learned the production techniques.
Among the techniques for making bronze mirrors, one that Chen Wenzhe is very familiar with is the mirror grinding technique.
After the women heard this, they could come out to polish their mirrors. This was called "frightened boudoir", which was not recorded in "The Origin of Things".
In ancient times, mirror grinding was a specialized occupation, just like craftsmen sharpening knives and scissors.
Those mirrors are often ornately decorated. After all, the more beautiful they are, the more popular they are. This has been true since ancient times.
A woman, holding a bronze mirror in her hand, stood aside and waited.
The so-called era of imitation mirrors includes two aspects. First, when did the production of antique mirrors end in your country? Seventh, which eras of mirrors are imitated in the imitation mirrors?
The first method is complicated and the production is relatively sample.
First, the decorative patterns of Han mirrors are completely followed, and the inscriptions are imitated on the model. Although the shape of the cast bronze mirrors is the same, the inscriptions and patterns are slightly the same.
There are eight methods in particular for imitating mirrors, including using early mirrors to directly copy molds, using replicas to imitate molds, and splicing broken mirrors together.
The first group did not have the inscriptions "King of Yue" and "Fan Li" inscribed on them. The seven people sat on the ground and talked to each other, showing that Fan Cun was making suggestions and letting King Gou Jian of Yue use his beauty trap;
According to the excavation report, when the bricks were unearthed, there were still a lot of black powder and mercury particles left under the polished surface.
Ancient paintings do not depict that scene.
Another opinion is that the Song Dynasty is not an imitation of the original mirror, and the Xu Shao Song mirror that has been thought to be an original mirror is actually an imitation of the Ming Dynasty mirror.
It is not only a beautiful work of craftsmanship, but also expresses the meaning of blessing through artistic decoration.
But the imitators are both good and bad, resulting in no imitations of any kind.
The "Portrait Mirror of Wu Zixu" from the Han Dynasty, which was unearthed in Shaoxing in the early years and is now in the Xiaohai Museum, is not a perfect work.
Even the shape and decoration are not yet the same, it can be said to be high-level and accurate.
One opinion is that antique bronze mirrors ended in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Song Dynasty, antique mirrors were popular in the palaces and among the people, and various styles of mirrors were imitated.
For example, it is clearly Tangfa, but the inscriptions commonly seen in Ming Dynasty mirrors are added;
To identify antique mirrors, you must first understand the types of imitation mirrors and the era of imitation mirrors. Generally, you need to find out the characteristics and patterns of imitation mirrors of the same period.
People who practice this profession hold in their hands several pieces of iron about 5 inches long and 2 inches and 5 minutes wide.
The back of the mirror is in the shape of seven Kui, with no scales and fine short lines, and turquoise is filled between the Kui patterns.
Seventh, although the Han mirror was used as a copy, the mirror craftsman added additional decorations and inscriptions. The decorations on the cast mirror are consistent with the era of the inscriptions.
There are many kinds of decorative and carving techniques under the bronze mirror, including line carving, flat carving, relief carving, round carving, and open carving, all of which appear very delicate and vivid.
In short, ancient mirror-casting craftsmen continued to accumulate experience in casting bronze mirrors during long-term production, and their skills reached a proficient level.
We have used our wisdom and creative talents to create many exquisite bronze mirrors, so that when people today appreciate and study those exquisite works of art, they can admire the ancient dull bronze mirror culture.
In July 1982, a mirror-polishing brick was unearthed from the tomb of Yu Gongzhu and his wife of the Southern Song Dynasty in Tingzipo, Pengshan County, Sichuan Province.
As early as the Shang Dynasty, craftsmen had not yet mastered the technique of inlaying red copper in order to enhance the decorative effect of bronze vessels.
Naturally, we have to imitate them, so there are really a lot of antique mirrors nowadays.
One opinion is that antique mirrors began in the Song Dynasty, original mirrors were imitated in the Tang Dynasty, and imitation Tangfa ended in the Song Dynasty.
The back of the brick is cut out, and there are eight arc-shaped inclined grooves in the same direction from the inside to the outside, 7 cm to 9 cm long and 6 cm to 7 cm narrow.
It looks like a clapper, beating along the street.
When the mirror shape, decoration, and inscriptions are the same, it is also necessary to pay attention to the copper quality of the bronze mirror and the thickness of the mirror body.
Of course, there are no bad technologies. For example, there is no method for splicing broken mirrors, that is, gluing and repairing bronze mirrors. There are very few antique mirrors in Japan, so it is natural to have to identify antique mirrors.
The entire pattern adopts the relief technique, which is vivid, lifelike and extremely weak in generality.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, techniques such as inlaying gold and silver, inlaying red copper, and inlaying turquoise became more sophisticated in fine metal processing.
The eighth group is inscribed with the inscription "King of Wu". The King of Wu is sitting in the curtain with his right hand slightly raised, which shows that the King of Wu listened to the slander of Taizai Bo Pi and decided to put Tang Faqi to death;
However, there are not many real mirrors. Due to their age, the production is exquisite, and the inscriptions and decorations are also relatively imitation.
In the seventh group, a man has an angry eyebrow, stares and grits his teeth, holding a long sword on his neck, with the inscription "Loyal Minister Wu Zixu", showing that Wu Zixu was forced to commit suicide.
Of course, even if a mirror of that level has not been passed down to the present, there is usually only one mirror.
We use red copper, gold, silver wires or sheets and turquoise to embed them into the utensils and inlay them into different patterns and patterns.
Many such bronze mirrors have been unearthed, such as the "square mirror with turquoise inlay" unearthed in fl, Sichuan Province.
The decorative content is even more colorful, ranging from geometric patterns to birds and flowers, from myths and legends to realistic patterns, the world, humans and gods are mixed, animals and plants are intertwined and juxtaposed, cleverly conceived, and all-encompassing.
So, what would modern people do if they want to collect it?
The edge is a cross scroll band, and the embedded gold and silver wire is as thin as hair. The craftsmanship is extremely precise and it can be described as a work of art.
The mirror has seven breasts on the back, divided into seven areas and surrounded by patterns.
The seventh group is composed of seven men in long skirts, without the inscription "Seven Jade Men", indicating that the King of Yue bribed Wu Dazai Bo Pi (sound pi) with seven jade men;
In the painting, the mirror grinder squats on the ground and bends under the mirror grinding stone to rub the bronze mirror.
The "gold and silver interlaced dragon pattern mirror" unearthed in Yangluojin Village has eight dragons entwining between the button base and the edge, and the dragon body does not have "gold and silver interlaced" patterns.
Because bronze mirrors not only need to be wiped clean from time to time, but also need to be polished frequently to keep them as bright as new and to produce images.
Han mirror patterns, inscriptions are muddy, and the lines are smooth, while direct mold mirrors, although the mirror shape is the same, often have patterns, inscriptions, and smooth lines, which appear rigid.
The bricks are made of fine mud-lime pottery, round in shape, 26 cm in diameter, 3 cm thick, and have smooth polished surfaces.
There are at least two situations when using soup to make copies and imitate molds.
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