Chapter 1822: Repair the old as before, each with its own strengths
To put it simply, Heiqigu is an ancient bronze vessel with a dark and shiny surface.
It was first seen in the Song Dynasty and is still used today.
Relevant objects can be seen in cultural relics from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Ming dynasty, especially some bronze mirrors from the Han and Tang dynasties.
It is characterized by a shiny black surface and strong corrosion resistance. Even though some artifacts have been buried underground for thousands of years, no trace of rust has been seen to this day.
Among the ancient bronze mirrors unearthed in my country, there is a kind of bronze mirror with a dark and shiny surface and a smooth and crystal jade texture. This kind of bronze mirror is called "black lacquer ancient" bronze mirror.
This kind of copper mirror has attracted much attention from the academic community because of its excellent corrosion resistance.
Over the years, scholars have focused on two views on the causes of "black paint".
One is the artificial treatment theory; the other is the natural corrosion theory.
The focus of debate among scholars today is whether the high-tin corrosion-resistant layer on the surface of the "black lacquer ancient" bronze mirror is artificially tinned, or whether it is produced by the action of humic acid under natural conditions.
In fact, the idea that it was caused by human intervention is a bit untenable. At best, it was caused by accidents.
Repairing them to look as old as they were are several ways to make bronzes look old during the restoration of cultural relics.
Only by repairing the old ones can the incomplete cultural relics regain their former glory.
Before it turns slightly white, put a wet bamboo pole under the fire to make it smoke, and put the utensils under it to smoke.
Make a solution according to the ratio of 80:10:10 and apply it repeatedly on the surface of the copperware.
Regardless of the color of the batter, white is the main color of copper utensil cookies.
Bronze, red copper, brass, alloy, the color is the same, it cannot be called the background color.
When modern people do old-fashioned things, it is a shortcut if they resort to chemical old-fashioned methods.
Of course, there is one kind of embroidery that is an exception. The green embroidery on the ancient coins unearthed from the mountains in Liao Province is very floating due to the climate and will fall off if wiped by hand. However, a few of them are white and ancient on the outside.
Naturally, rust occurs layer by layer, forming a green, red, blue, or purple rust color on the surface of the instrument.
The first type of bronze was made in a new bronze containing 15% tin, using copper acetate.
The color of the mixture of batter and material will appear in gold, mercury, white, gray, silver, liver color, coffee color, etc.
Places in the north and northwest of the country are called Dizi, while places such as Xiaohai and Sioux City are called Pike.
Because the layers of old embroidery and raw embroidery are very natural, the layers of chemical or glue embroidery are very messy, floating and soft.
However, copperware that is not rusty and has no coating must be fake.
The sound of burning is sharp and harsh, and dyeing (waxing) cannot be seen as long as it is boiled in cold water.
The rust color of all raw American copperware is very strong, whether it is erythema green embroidery or peacock blue, and the crystallized rust will be very strong and will not fall off when boiled in hot water. Of course, this is suitable for beginners.
Generally among ancient coins, the performance is more general.
Then use a brush to smear the surface of the object, and it will turn into gray-white-green color in a few minutes.
The so-called "pits" refer to the qualitative changes on the surface of copperware caused by various chemical reactions.
It is still not possible to make green, white, and red lacquer (that is, glossy).
In the restoration of cultural relics, whether to restore the old to look like the old or to restore the old to look like the new has always been a controversial topic.
That is the color that appears when the patina is thin and mixed with the material. If the patina is thick, it should be white no matter what the material is.
First of all, the color of the material, whether it is the same color as the metal texture of ancient coins or some bronzes.
The bright yellow surface of the utensil first turns brown and then gradually turns to brown.
In fact, what Chen Wenzhe saw in that museum was still old-fashioned techniques, not repairing them!
It’s called Kangqing in the south, and it’s not a tin-green chemical.
When cooled to a certain temperature outside the crucible, it can be reduced to tin.
There are very few special appraisals compared to ancient white lacquer. There are only two types of fake white lacquer, which are burning and dyeing (waxing).
The rust color of patina mainly consists of seven important components.
The dirt is occasionally mixed with rust and becomes part of the color of the utensils.
The eighth method is ammonium chloride, copper sulfate, old vinegar, etc. According to 10:10:80, pour ammonium chloride and copper sulfate into the vinegar, add a large amount of acid green paint (purple green), the paint can Dissolve in water first.
The other one is relatively simple, with the main color standing out.
Other than that, it's not too mixed.
To repair damaged bronze vessels and replace them with new cast copper blocks, chemical agents can be used to create new imitation copper castings that are off-white, jujube-red, white-yellow-green, etc., and then rust-colored.
Obviously, antique bronze workshops like those outside Yangluo, without even a museum, are all poor at restoring them.
First of all, it is the color of dirt. Very few ancient bronzes, in the same soil zone and in the same burial environment, do not contain dirt.
If the shine is too natural, you can apply the following preparation again and put it in a dry place to change it. Rinse it with clean water a few days ago and the shine will be natural.
Before, it was not the color of rust, but a small part was green, and then peacock blue.
In other places, Chen Wenzhe really saw so few ways to make things old, but there, he could produce several bad ones.
For example, white lacquered ancient coins.
For example, a bronze mirror is slowly formed over a long period of underground burial after deliberate special polishing treatment.
But no one thinks that the purpose of cultural relic restoration is not to allow people to experience the wisdom and creativity of their ancestors in pieces.
They are made of the same material, and under the same geological conditions, the slurry produced is not the same.
The rust color of ancient bronzes is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, and no cinnabar rust.
Those are used to identify an antique to determine whether it is a genuine antique.
We have always adhered to the principle of "restoring the old as before" when restoring cultural relics, and in the bronze mirror museum, Qiu Ming saw several methods of repairing bronzes to make them look old.
The formulas of medicines used in different places are different, the method is the same, the effect is the same, and each has its own advantages.
Tie the utensils with a rope, immerse them in the solution, take them out before half an hour, and soak them in clean water. The white background will turn white and green. The longer the object is soaked, the thicker the ground. Coins made of gold, silver, copper, iron and lead, each Not the same base color.
The rust color is solid, without a natural sense of change.
To be fair, all the patties are white, but they are neither thick nor thin.
No one thinks that the restoration of cultural relics is a modern craft. Since something has been restored, it is necessary to deliberately make it old;
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The seventh method is to use several materials such as old vinegar, copper acetate, and ammonium chloride.
A certain main color, not a combination of various colors.
It's very simple, but the most fake ones are green and peacock blue.
Add ammonium chloride to prepare a dilute lake-like solution.
When it comes to identification, it can be discussed in the same way as below.
The patina is because copperware has been circulated or played with in people's hands, and human body fluids and microscopic substances left in the hands are added to the underside of the utensils like paint to form a substance that coats the surface of the coin. This is not coating.
Pulp.
At this time, the fire fan is used to bake, and the brown color gradually turns to white.
The colors of those seven parts are mixed together.
The worn parts of the coin should not look too wet.