Chapter 1853 Comparison and identification, there must be no big mistake
Therefore, the emergence of underglaze multicolored porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was supported by materials and technology, so the emergence of underglaze multicolored porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is not surprising.
In fact, nothing can appear out of thin air. For example, red and green colored porcelain should be the predecessor of Wucai.
The origin of red and green colored porcelain should be traced back to the red and green colors of Cizhou Kiln in the Jin Dynasty.
However, the carcass of the Cizhou kiln artifacts of the Jin Dynasty is relatively rough, and it does not have the white and flawless carcass of the Jingzhen porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. It is also necessary to use cosmetic clay to cover the flaws and darkness of the carcass.
Therefore, it can only exist in the form of folk art and cannot enter the elegant hall of the national court.
The red and green colored porcelain that appeared in the Yuan Dynasty is a truly mature type of overglaze painted porcelain.
The red and green colored porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty pioneered the multi-colored porcelain of later generations, and undoubtedly has an extremely high status in the history of Chinese ceramic art.
Of course, the red and green colored porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty must also be classified as multicolored porcelain.
Since there are no records of complete artifacts being unearthed in China for the colorful porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, the identification of them has been criticized.
However, what Chen Wenzhe saw in front of him could not be faked, such as the two large red and green bowls from the Yuan Dynasty in front of him.
Chen Wenzhe believes that he has never met more than 10 ceramic collectors.
And these ten people are definitely half-baked, not real professionals.
It can be seen from these two pieces of porcelain that the shape and decoration of the red and green colored wares of the Yuan Dynasty are almost completely similar to those of the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty.
If there is a suspected Yuan red and green porcelain, you can compare it with the identification method of Yuan blue and white decorative glaze to make a comparative identification and make sure there is nothing wrong.
The color of Yuan red and green porcelain is also a low-temperature color. The red color is alum red, which is the color of iron, and the green color is the color of copper.
Because this kind of color is sintered on the porcelain glaze at a temperature of about 800 degrees, it peels off easily and is called overglaze color.
Overglaze colored porcelain needs to be painted on white porcelain. It is a secondary creation of porcelain, and its value is definitely higher than plain white porcelain in the same sense.
Therefore, in later generations, many people used plain white porcelain to add color and make it fake to increase its economic value.
The Jingzhen kiln of the Yuan Dynasty basically continued the "red and green color" porcelain style of the Cizhou kiln system of the Jin Dynasty, and also used three colors of red, green and yellow on plain porcelain.
The slight difference is that there are three types of glazes used on bisque porcelain: blue-white glaze, egg-white glaze, and white glaze.
However, the so-called "five colors" does not mean that there are only five colors of painting on porcelain. In fact, in most cases, there are only three.
"Colorful" just means that it is painted in more colors.
The Yuan Dynasty was very famous for its five-color style, and the painting method of multicolored porcelain was mainly to draw lines and fill in colors.
This was influenced by the court painting schools from the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty. Generally, the outline of the pattern is outlined with red, and the three colors of red, green and yellow are filled in the outline.
One thing to note here is that there is a little difference between the five colors and the red and green colors of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yuan red and green color porcelain is a variety of overglaze colored porcelain.
It is made by using red and green colored materials to paint patterns on the finished white glaze porcelain that has been fired. After it is put into the kiln again, it is fired at a low temperature of about 800c. This is a typical twice-fired product.
Different from the overglaze multicolored porcelain produced in the north during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the red and green colored porcelain fired in Jingzhen during the Yuan Dynasty did not use yellow color.
Therefore, the red and green colors are slightly different from the traditional five colors and are a derivative of "five colors".
The overglaze colored porcelain fired by Jingzhen kiln can be traced back to the late Yuan Dynasty according to physical data.
Red and green colors were new varieties created at that time, so it is not an exaggeration to call it "Jingzhen's early five colors".
In the last century, ancient ceramic scholars at home and abroad still knew very little about the origin of red and green colored porcelain fired by Jingzhen Kiln.
The lack of historical documents and handed down objects has made the research on Jingzhen's early five colors a vague and fringe subject for a long time.
Since red and green colored porcelain is a special type fired by the Jingzhen kiln industry in the Yuan Dynasty, the "History of Chinese Ceramics" published by the Dahai Ceramic Society in the 1980s did not mention the colored porcelain of this period, and it is rare.
The situation can be imagined.
In recent years, with the emergence of red and green porcelain from the Yuan Dynasty in private collections, real objects of red and green porcelain have been studied, laying a solid foundation for the study of red and green porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty.
Just like the red and green plum vase in front of Chen Wenzhe, it is 31cm high, 1cm in diameter, 0cm in belly diameter and 10.cm in base diameter.
It has a small mouth, a tied neck, sloping shoulders, a swollen and drooping belly, a shallow circle of feet with glazed spots on the sand bottom, and an auxiliary head.
The neck of the vessel is decorated with a banana leaf pattern, and the bottom is decorated with a circle of overlapping lotus petals.
The main body is decorated with a pattern of mandarin ducks, ponds and lotus, which is a very typical pattern on Yuan Dynasty porcelain.
The decoration of this vessel is outlined with red color, the brush is skillful, the twists and turns are natural and smooth, and the interior is filled with green color, with appropriate shades.
The whole picture is red and green, green like emerald, red like morning glow, bright and lively yet elegant and dignified.
This Yuan Dynasty red and green color was a new red and green color craft produced under the influence of the red and green color wares of Cizhou kiln in the north. Very few of them exist in the world.
Among them, the neck-tie type, the ring-footed type, and the belly-bulging type are even more rare. It is one of the few complete red and green-colored vessels that exist in the world, and is extremely precious.
"Huh? This one doesn't look like it's from the Yuan Dynasty."
While carefully examining these colorful porcelains one by one, Chen Wenzhe discovered that one of them was a bit strange. It seemed not to be from the Yuan Dynasty, but from the Song Dynasty.
They are all red and green, and ordinary people can't find any abnormalities. However, judging from the decoration, glaze, and shape of the vessel, it is absolutely obvious that this plate does not belong to the Yuan Dynasty, because it does not have the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty, but has a rich flavor.
Characteristics of the Song Dynasty.
"Is it Song Wucai? Or Song Ru Kiln Wucai?"
Thinking of the multicolored porcelain from Ru kiln in the Song Dynasty, Chen Wenzhe's heart was full of surprises.
The characteristics of the plate in front of me can clearly be seen as multi-colored porcelain, but if it is not Yuan Dynasty multi-colored porcelain, a question mark must be raised.
Because Chen Wenzhe knew that the five-color flag vessel should have first appeared in the late Northern Song Dynasty.
During that period, when the Ru kiln was being improved, Wucai was successfully created on the egg-white Ru kiln.
The abbreviation of Ru Kiln Wucai is the famous Song Wucai in history, also known as Ru Kiln Wucai.
Judging from many artifacts, its techniques are quite mature, and it is an orthodox representative porcelain from the peak period in the history of porcelain making.
The basic colors are mainly red, yellow, green, blue and purple.
The glaze is applied on the porcelain according to the pattern and pattern requirements, and then it is put into the furnace and fired twice at a high temperature of 700-800 degrees Celsius.
It is characterized by the overglaze decoration method, and its surviving utensils are even rarer and rarer.
The colorful Ru kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty are very rare even for works from the late Northern Song Dynasty.
The white porcelain multicolored porcelain and the Ru kiln multicolored large plate in the late Northern Song Dynasty, which were fired in the mid-twelfth century, were first exported to Western Europe.
With its exquisite realistic meticulous painting, it is not an exaggeration to call it the ancestor of European enamels in the 15th century and the ancestor of Qing enamels in the 17th century.
This kind of five colors is the five colors on the bed, which is different from the printed five colors of Song Dynasty white porcelain.
The pattern highlights the characteristics of the Three Flowers of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is the main representative porcelain used by people in the Song Dynasty, that is, Song porcelain.