Chapter 1952: The Complete Collection of Ancient Color-glazed Porcelain
In addition to these special glaze colors, the rest are some ordinary glaze colors.
For example, celadon glaze has the longest history. It has been popular for more than 1,800 years since its creation in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The achievements of Song Celadon are already world-famous.
However, the truly stable and accurate celadon glaze was finally completed during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
The color depth of celadon glaze from Yongzheng official kiln can be divided into three categories: pink green, holly green, and bean green.
Of course, among celadon glazes there is also antique celadon glaze, as I mentioned before.
From these three most authentic celadon glazes, several new color glazes such as azure, astaxanthin, light blue, jiqing, olive green, crab-nail green and so on are produced. The deepest crab-nail green is almost dark green;
The lightest light green is almost moon white.
The shapes of celadon glaze are very rich, including antique shapes such as a double-eared statue with a height of more than 60 centimeters, a bottle with a belt, a square bottle with an ear, and other large objects.
Then there are medium-sized elephant-ear statues, five-hole square statues, sheep-head statues, pomegranate statues, mouth-skimming bottles, water bottles, pen mountains, brush washers, paperweights, pen holders and other furnishings and stationery supplies.
The medium-sized display porcelain is often decorated with finely carved prints and scratches under the glaze, making it extremely elegant and beautiful.
The deepest color of the crab shell celadon glaze is green in color and extremely lustrous. It shines with red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue and purple colors that will never fade away. There is a six-character seal script seal on the bottom, made in the Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty.
The base patterns of pink-green and holly glaze vessels are mostly blue and white double-circle six-character regular script patterns made in the Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty.
Longquan celadon occupies a certain proportion of the celadon glazes of the Yongzheng Dynasty. In addition to imitating the Song Dynasty, it also imitates the Ming Xuande blue and white lantern statues, covered beans, etc. There are clear and elegant printed decorations under the glaze.
White glaze White glaze is generally considered to be the easiest to control, but it is not.
The white glaze of the Yongzheng period is not the white opalescent glaze referred to in modern craftsmanship.
It is a transparent glaze with a glass texture, which completely relies on the whiteness of the soil itself to appear white.
The requirements for the purity of the fetal soil are very high, and even a little impurity will affect the purity of the glaze.
Yongzheng white glaze includes goblets, beans with lids, skimmer bottles, three-legged stoves, teapots, wine cups, large plates, small bowls, etc.
These porcelains are thin and light. There are many cups with high stems and handles imitating the sweet white color of Yongle. The underglaze is secretly engraved with double dragon patterns or twining flowers. The center of the cup is secretly engraved with a double circle of six characters in regular script, dated to the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
Elegant.
This kind of white porcelain cup is a sacrificial item.
"Qing File" records: On May 13th of the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, according to the Old Summer Palace, a picture of eunuch Ya was posted and a white porcelain handle cup was handed over to Xiyao in the same year.
White porcelain is used as a sacrificial vessel, mainly in the Xiyue Altar.
The sacrificial utensils include three white porcelain bowls, twenty white porcelain plates of each size, two white porcelain wine bottles, a white porcelain pot, and a white porcelain plate.
According to the "Qing Dynasty Huidian", whether it is the Temple of Heaven, which is mainly green, or the Altar of the Sun, which is mainly red, the wine pots used to offer wine on the sacrificial table are all white-glazed.
White-glazed wine pots of the same style should be common vessels for offering wine to all altars.
Yongzheng white-glazed wine pots are the most numerous. The pots have an oval body, a thin curved flow, and a high beam. They are elegant and beautiful. They are ideal tools for worshiping wine.
Red glaze, a high-temperature copper red glaze with copper as colorant, was very mature in the Yuan Dynasty. Bright red was the treasure of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, and the ruby red in the Xuande period was even better.
In order to restore the fine tradition of Xuande ruby red, the Yongzheng official kiln spared no effort in adding agate, pearls and other precious raw materials to the glaze to produce a sacrificial red glaze with stable and uniform color.
The glaze color of Jihong is deep red and does not flow, and the surface is like an orange peel without cracks. It is warm and bright. Jihong is sensitive to the firing atmosphere, so the yield is extremely low, and it was lost after the Qianlong reign.
Yongzheng's collection includes red plum vases, jade pot spring vases, skimming vases, olive vases, long-necked vases, garlic vases, flat vases, high-foot handle cups, high-foot trays, double land statues, drum nail washers, and small water bottles.
There are more than ten shapes such as bowls, small wine cups, and small cups.
Most red sacrificial vessels are white on the inside and red on the outside, and some are all red on the inside and outside. The inscriptions include blue and white double-circle six-character regular script, and blue and white double-frame six-character regular script.
On July 19, the 13th year of Yongzheng's reign, Su Hena, the doctor, and Chang Bao, the treasurer, handed over a wooden sample of Jihong's high-footed tea.
The decree requested that in the next year Xiyao should make one hundred and thirty pieces according to the wood pattern and send them to him.
Yongzheng red glaze also has a rouge red glaze with gold as colorant, which is lighter and almost pink, commonly known as rouge water;
The darker one is close to rose red, commonly known as carmine.
The shapes include small bottles, bowls and small tall wine cups, etc. They are very rare and extremely valuable.
Blue glaze Yongzheng sacrifice blue, formerly known as Jiqing.
It is fired in imitation of the Xuande sapphire blue glaze. This dark blue glaze is devitrified, even, with orange peel and brown eyes covering the glaze surface. It has the same characteristics as Jihong, which is quiet and solemn.
The color is consistent with the glazed tiles on the Temple of Heaven's Prayer Hall, making it a perfect place for worship where heaven and man connect.
The blue glaze shapes of the Yongzheng Festival include jade pots, spring vases, bile-style vases, belt vases, fold-shoulder vases, round washbasins, basins, teapots, covered bowls, tall beans, tall bowls, large bowls, plates, and dishes.
wait.
The glaze is deep, dense, quiet, thick and even, with blue glaze inside and outside and white inside and blue outside. Both have blue and white six-character double-circle six-character regular script on the bottom, made in the Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty.
The royal family of the Qing Dynasty would worship the heaven, earth, sun, moon, ancestors of farmers, ancestors of silkworms, and the altars of the country every year in the capital.
As well as the wind, cloud, thunder and rain temples, worship should also be done at the family temple Fengxian Hall set up in the palace;
Kunning Palace also holds grand sacrificial rituals every New Year's Day, Winter Solstice, and Longevity Festival.
During the sacrifice, cow heads, sheep heads, skins and internal organs of livestock need to be contained, and many huge plates and bowls are needed.
Yongzheng sacrificial blue glaze has some huge thick and heavy plates, and the bowls are typical sacrificial porcelain.
In addition, the Yongzheng Dynasty's factory official glaze, beige glaze, eel yellow, okra green, West Lake water, parrot green, peacock blue, antique jade, imitation lacquer glaze, etc., more than a dozen color glazes are also very outstanding.
All in all, the Yongzheng color glaze was favored by the emperor himself.
Nian Xiyao, Tang Ying and other Hanlin artists were employed to manage the kiln industry, imitating antiques and innovating, and integrating the achievements of ancient Chinese color-glazed porcelain.
Therefore, dozens of kinds of color-glazed porcelain with palace style can be created.
They are pure, elegant and extraordinary, representing the highest level of Yongzheng official kiln and becoming a shining example and role model for future generations to pursue.
It turns out that most of the Yongzheng porcelain in Chen Wenzhe's hands, or maybe only a few, were high imitations made by him himself.
But things are different now. As time goes by, with the support of his large amount of funds, he has more and more genuine Yongzheng porcelain in his hands.
Some of them were purchased, and some were dug out from some cellars and tombs.
Of course, the most are salvaged from shipwrecks during the Yongzheng period.
These porcelains are still part of what he discovered. If he did not give another part to the country, he would have even more Yongzheng porcelains in his hands.
Of course, it is not advisable to blindly pursue quantity. Now that Chen Wenzhe has unparalleled vision, he will naturally select the best ones for collection.
In addition, there are also some rare porcelains that will be displayed in museums.