Chapter 1951 Yongzheng's new creation, thin and light in color, extremely moisturizing
Imitation official glaze - in Tang Ying's "Taocheng Chronicles", it is called Iron Bone Grand View Glaze.
There are two types: moon white and gray blue.
It has the largest quantity among the antique glazes produced during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and has the richest shapes.
There are many old collections, such as garlic bottles, skimming bottles, plate-mouth bottles, dove-ear bottles, double-eared bottles, Ruyi-ear Baoyue bottles, three-hole gourd bottles, round-shaped gourd bottles, and ribbon-eared gourd bottles.
Then there are some other types of utensils, such as petal-mouth flower goblets, pomegranate statues, lantern statues, double-eared stoves, flower-mouthed flower waterers, lotus-type incense sticks, lamp holders, Ganoderma lucidum water bottles, duck egg water bottles, peach-shaped washers, etc.
More than ten styles.
These utensils are all very neatly made, with the same shape and uniform specifications and sizes.
There are mostly medium-sized display vessels with a height of more than 30 centimeters, and there are fewer practical plates, bowls, and dishes.
The carcass is generally slightly thicker, the glaze color is uniform, the blue color is slightly gray, most of them have sparse and light openings, and there are also a small number of utensils without openings.
At the bottom of most of the utensils, there is a six-character or four-character secret seal seal inscribed in the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty on the bottom. There are very few without any inscription.
Many shapes were fired based on copies of the official kilns of the Song Dynasty in the Qing palace's old collection. On April 23, the third year of Yongzheng's reign, Wai Lang Haiwang, a member of the Imperial Palace, came to the Old Summer Palace with an order to copy the dimensions of the official kiln vats.
Submit it to Jiangxi Baking Office for firing.
On the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month of the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yi handed over a round dish from the official kiln. These were made in the same manner.
Imitation Ru glaze - formerly known as iron bone without pattern Ru glaze, mostly in deep azure color, the number of products is second only to imitation official glaze, many shapes are repeated with imitation official glaze, but the types are reduced.
On April 27, the third year of Yongzheng's reign, the eunuch Liu Yu handed over a porcelain furnace from the kiln, a porcelain furnace from the official kiln, and a porcelain furnace from the Ge kiln.
The kiln was equipped with a seat similar to the official kiln seat. On June 25, Prince Yi presented it.
Newly added shapes during the Yongzheng period include high-footed statues, straight-vertebral bottles, hexagonal bottles with folded corners, alms bowls, lotus seed jars, large deep-belted bowls, plates, etc.
The glaze color is green with flashes of blue, similar to deep azure. The common seal script is the six-character seal type, and there are also the blue and white double-circle six-character regular script type made in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.
Imitation brother glaze - formerly known as iron bone brother glaze, comes in two colors: pink green and beige.
The shape is less than that of imitation official and Ru glaze, and the plate-mouth vase and double-eared square vase are the same as those of imitation official and Ru glaze.
There are also newly added three-hole flat bottles with ears, double-eared four-series bottles, breast nail pomegranate statues, double fish ear incense burners, pen Shanzi, brush washers, water bottles and other small study utensils.
The glaze color is mostly blue with a hint of light gray. The glaze blue has a pattern similar to gold wire, with staggered dark and light patterns.
Most of the products have a six-character seal script secretly engraved inside the circle foot, and a few have no inscription.
Imitation Jun glaze is one of the most distinctive varieties of Yongzheng official kiln.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign, Tang Ying sent Wu Yaopu to Nanhe to learn about the recipe of Song Jun kiln.
After that, the Song Jun kiln, which had been lost for more than 300 years, was quickly restored.
On the one hand, glaze colors such as rose purple, begonia red, red patch, moon white, etc. that are very similar to Song Jun kilns are successfully fired;
The glaze is very thick, with brown eyes and earthworm mud patterns on the glaze surface. The uppercase numbers from one to ten are engraved on the bottom. There is no mark on it, and it is completely imitated by Song Jun kiln.
On the other hand, after the kiln was fired, the glaze turned into a flame red color with the red kiln glaze being the main color.
Or flame green, which is mainly made of blue kiln. The glaze surface is clean and bright, and the glass texture is very strong, like a rising and burning flame moving upward.
The shapes include bile-style bottles, plate-mouth bottles, water chestnut flat bottles, drum nail washers, etc. The bottom has a six-character seal script made in the Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty.
There are also rare varieties of kiln-varnished glazes such as furnace glaze, lapis lazuli blue, and jasper glaze.
Imitation Ding glaze - Among the imitation Ding kiln products of the Yongzheng Dynasty, there are embossed printed cauldrons, double embossed printed flat bottles, halberd flower goblets, printed flower pouches, gourd bottles, printed plates, printed bowls and skimmed vials, small
Boxes, small jars and other small utensils.
The glaze paste is white and yellowish and opaque. There are many fine cracks on the glaze surface, and the carcass is light.
Generally, there are auxiliary decorations such as relief carving or printing, and the patterns are regular and delicate.
The bottom of the vessel has a six-character seal script made in the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, engraved secretly under the glaze;
and a few secretly engraved, double-circled six-character regular script inscriptions made in the Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty.
Yellow glaze Yellow glaze was the supreme color in the courts of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Most of the plates and bowls used in daily dining are yellow glaze.
The coloring agent of the yellow glaze is antimony oxide. During the Yongzheng period, different amounts of iron were added to the antimony oxide to produce rich changes in color tone.
The yellow glazes at this time include delicate yellow, light yellow, beeswax yellow, eel yellow, etc. The famous light yellow was newly created by Yongzheng, with a thin and light color and extremely moist.
Yongzheng yellow glaze is not like the Kangxi Dynasty where glaze is applied on the astringent body of the blank.
Instead, low-temperature yellow glaze is applied on the fired white porcelain, so it is very clean.
Egg yolk glaze is often used on small thin placenta and bowl utensils.
A yellow glaze dish with a small number of embossed lotus petals, with a diameter of up to 40 cm.
Yellow glaze can be divided into completely yellow inside and outside, white glaze inside and yellow glaze outside.
The white glaze on the bottom of plates and bowls often has blue and white six-character regular script seals, made in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and there are relatively few utensils with blue and white six-character seal script seals.
The uses of yellow glaze products are mainly sacrificial supplies and daily catering.
According to the "Qing File" records: On the sixteenth day of the first month of the first year of Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yi received sixty yellow porcelain plates and eighty yellow porcelain bowls.
This plate and bowl is equipped with a copper fruit cover.
Generally speaking, daily dining plates and bowls do not need to be equipped with copper fruit holders and fruit covers.
Only the plates and bowls used to hold the fruit and facilitate the placement of sacrifices need to be equipped with a cover.
The colors used for sacrificial vessels in the Qing Dynasty followed the traditional theory of Tianxuan and Dihuang.
According to the five elements of water, fire, wood, metal and earth, match the corresponding five colors;
Green, red, yellow, white and black are used to worship the gods in different directions.
In the national ceremony, people pray for grain in the circle mound, and they often use green as a bow.
Use yellow for Fangze and red for Ritan.
The moon altar is made of white; Sheji and early farmers use yellow.
In terms of daily tableware, emperors and empresses could use the most noble yellow glaze vessels without quota.
Under the Queen Mother's share, 250 yellow porcelain plates, 100 porcelain plates of various colors, and 50 porcelain bowls of various colors are supplied every year.
The queen is slightly younger, so she uses two hundred and twenty yellow porcelain dishes, eighty porcelain plates of various colors, forty yellow porcelain dishes, fifty porcelain dishes of various colors, one hundred yellow porcelain bowls, and fifty porcelain dishes of various colors.
By analogy, the imperial concubines used yellow porcelain with white inside and outside, and the imperial concubines, concubines, and nobles agreed, but the concubines of the middle and lower classes who were always in the rank had no chance to use pure yellow porcelain.
During the clearance process, on December 12, the eleventh year of Yongzheng's reign, the tea room posted a letter to Chang Ning, and sent the Minister of Discipline, Mahada, the manager of the tea room, and others to report that the yellow porcelain bowl of the tea room was presented to the room, and the yellow porcelain cup was insufficient.
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We would like to add thirty second-class yellow porcelain bowls, twenty third-class yellow porcelain bowls, and thirty yellow porcelain cups to the dining room.
The waiter wants to add 20 yellow porcelain cups, and a total of 100 pieces will be added.
Please ask Hai Wangxing to talk about the burning place.
Finally, the decree was issued: hand it over to the general manager for use.
From this we can see that the status of yellow glaze wares in the palace was very important.