In ancient times, there was no concept of standard sizes.
Therefore, the painted pottery produced cannot have the same specifications;
Of course, it is impossible to have the same shape or pattern.
When the ancestors made pottery, they used the mud-laying method, the mud strip-building method, the molding hand-kneading method, and the primitive slow wheel for trimming.
The pottery produced in this way cannot be very regular, it will be slightly deformed, and the surface will be uneven.
At that time, the level of craftsmanship was limited, and the inner joints of the pottery produced were mostly rough, the mouth of the bottle was not very round and regular, and the ears of the bottle on both sides were not on a horizontal line and were of different sizes.
Various cultural types of painted pottery have their own unique types and categories.
If you want to collect, collectors should read more books, have more contact with real objects, and memorize the types and characteristics by heart.
Now that the quality of the fetus and the shape of the vessel are complete, all that remains is the painting.
The patterns painted on painted pottery were the specific clan symbols of each clan or tribe at that time.
Hence, the art of painted pottery emerged.
The earliest painted pottery in your country originated from the Xiaodiwan culture, and its color was dark red;
That series of experiments showed that posthistoric potters had recognized manganese-containing hematite.
According to the analysis of specimens sampled from the Yangshao Culture, Majiayao Culture, Huoshaogou Culture, and Xindian Culture, the results show that the color elements are iron and manganese, and the color phase is iron heptaoxide and eight iron oxides.
The ancestors of the Neolithic Age used colored pigments to draw naive, simple and elegant decorative patterns on broken pottery.
Hematite is rare in nature and difficult to obtain, so red color became people's main choice for early painting.
Grinding stones are not round, conical, or elliptical cylindrical, and they all have such a grinding surface;
After years of comprehensive research and using cutting-edge scientific and technological means, the academic community has produced relatively comprehensive research results on the mineral components and colorants of a small number of pigments, revealing the reason why painted pottery is so colorful.
The chemical composition of brown paint and white paint is the same, but the manganese content is higher than that of white paint, and the iron content is lower than that of white paint. This may be due to the mixing of red clay in the pigment.
The hundreds of grinding stones and grinding discs unearthed are suspected to be sets of tools for grinding pigments.
The main component of Zhen Xingqi type white color is gypsum or calcite.
The grinding discs come in various shapes, but none of them have concave grinding pits.
In places where this is not available, red clay with a very low iron content is used as a red pigment.
With the advancement of technology and the gradual enhancement of human aesthetic consciousness, people in the Neolithic Age gradually began to deliberately decorate pottery.
Modern experimental analysis believes that a composite pigment of white and red pigments was used at this time.
Add water to the ground fine powder and mix it into a pigment slurry, or mix it into a mixed pigment.
Next came the white color, and at the end of the middle Yangshao period, individual white colors appeared.
Before mineral pigments are collected, they must be processed before they can be used.
For example, Chang'an Banpo painted pottery mainly depicts human face patterns, fish patterns, and deformed bird patterns;
Among the cultural relics unearthed in Gansu Province, due to the development of painted pottery, pigments and their processing tools are often not unearthed.
The previous Yangshao culture and Zhenxingqi culture mainly used white color, and there was not a large amount of white color;
In some of the painted pottery of the Banshan and Machang types, brown patterns that are both red and white appear.
Since you are going to paint, you must have paints and tools.
During the Banshan and Machang periods, a small amount of brown composite color also appeared.
When it comes to the Majiayao type, the white color decreases.
And he has mastered the changing rules of shades to meet the needs of painting.
Be sure to use pure manganese ore pigments to draw painted pottery, as all manganese elements decompose at low temperatures;
Two tools were unearthed at the Baidaogouping ruins kiln in Lan City, one was a stone grinding disc and the other was a low-sided pottery disc.
Its minerals are mainly magnetite and leucomanganite.
It cannot be inferred that it was painted with something similar to a brush.
And that is the reason why the white paint of Majiayao culture shines brightly.
Majiayao painted pottery is mainly painted with swirl patterns, divine and human patterns, and network patterns;
Apart from red colors, white colors were probably the least used in ancient times.
Before color matching, the color tone changes, and the color levels of the painted pottery are therefore richer.
The ancestors of Xiaodiwan were accustomed to using stone axes to smash pigment minerals.
Painting is a crucial step in making painted pottery.
What kind of tools were used when painting is difficult to determine because there are actual objects unearthed.
Before the paint gets mixed up, this is the first step of painting.
Xindian painted pottery is mainly painted with double hook patterns, sun patterns, deer patterns, and bird patterns;
The unearthed mineral pigment is ocher, a weathered product of hematite, and its main component is iron oxide.
There is no dull purple-red color left in the pottery plate, which should be used as a palette.
Therefore, the red color appeared naturally.
First, the pigment minerals are crushed and then ground into fine powder. The finer the pigment, the worse its adhesion.
Those minerals all belong to the spinel series minerals. Among them, zinc-iron spinel and leucomanite are whiter in color before they are fired, while magnetite is bluer.
It can be seen that humankind's understanding and use of mineral pigments has gone through tens of thousands of years, and red has long been regarded as an auspicious and beautiful color.
Among the painted pottery, except for these common ones, the one that is rarely used is not brown.
We use red to express our passion, and we use red to symbolize our hope for happiness.
White color is the most common color among painted pottery in Gansu Province.
Among the white colors of the Majiayao culture, zinc-iron spinel was discovered for the first time.
X-ray diffraction analysis of the white color unearthed from Xiaodiwan Phase 8 showed that the color material was relatively pure quartz powder.
That is, a mixed mineral pigment of hematite and magnetite, both of which have the same color rendering properties.
However, based on the observation of the painted pottery from Gansu Province, it is difficult to find many patterns on the painted pottery, and there are no sharp brush edges inadvertently.
In the housing site of Phase 7 of Xiaodiwan, a layer of red hematite powder was found that people at that time had spread on the living surface.
Therefore, unearthed stone axes are often stained with paint.
In the skillful hands of the potters, the extremely rare pottery turned into precious works of post-historic art.
After sampling the red color under the Xiaodiwan Phase I pottery bowl and the Dibaping Mid-level pottery pot in Guanghe, it was determined that the color element is iron and the color phase is iron oxide.
The grinding disc is very rough, the grinding surface is green and white, and it is in a regular round shape.
Gansu Provincial Museum and Linxia Prefecture Museum have done some experiments.
As early as tens of thousands of years later, humans have discovered and ended the use of small nature's rewards.
Painted pottery is painted before firing. Therefore, the selected mineral color must be resistant to low temperatures. The color will be decomposed at low temperatures, but the original color can still be maintained.
The cavemen on the top of the mountain spread red hematite powder under the body of the deceased and used the mineral powder to dye various decorations red;
In thicker cases, it will appear white and brown.
Dawenkou painted pottery is mainly painted with octagonal patterns and deformed flower patterns.
If manganese-containing hematite is used, if the dilution is relatively light, the painted pottery will only appear red before firing;
During the excavations at some sites, some mineral pigments were unearthed.