The tools used to make Gansu painted pottery include not only hard "pens" made of hard bristles, but also soft "pens" made of soft bristles.
Otherwise, the fine grid patterns, zigzag patterns, etc. of Mid-Levels and Machang types cannot be completed.
It can be seen from the long and smooth lines that the "pen" used for painting at that time was probably a long-edged hard pen made of wolf, deer, etc. hair, and had good cohesiveness.
Among the traditional arts in my country, painted pottery is the earliest primitive art work that combines patterns with the shape of objects.
When drawing painted pottery, the ancestors paid great attention to the relationship between the pattern, the shape of the vessel, and the angle of view.
And have noticed the visual effects produced by the pattern at different viewing angles.
Therefore, the drawing and design ensure that no matter from which angle, whether looking straight down or looking down, you can see a good picture, and strive to achieve harmony between the composition of the pattern and the shape of the vessel.
Depending on the shape of the vessel, determine the design of its decorative parts and patterns.
Since there were no desks or desks in prehistoric society, items were mostly placed on the ground or on small earthen platforms, which is completely different from the modern placement;
Also, prehistoric ancestors mostly sat on the ground, and there were obvious differences in natural perspectives.
The outlines include circles, ovals, gourds, octagons, looped strips, etc.
Mid-Levels and Machang types of painted pottery rarely use circles as the theme pattern.
For example, the painted pottery is divided into equal parts or separated, except for a few objects, all of which are round objects. They are basically composed of a small number of groups of patterns that form a horizontally unfolded painted belt, and most of the paintings are vertical.
Therefore, there may have been no tools for equal division at that time. Otherwise, it would have been difficult to divide the 11 sets of arcs into equal parts so accurately.
Mid-level painted pottery has dense and rough patterns and is less difficult to paint.
The patterns of the Mid-Levels and Machang types are dense and simple, with extremely fine equal divisions or separations.
When painting, it is necessary to grasp the important positions, first draw the theme pattern in the prominent position, and then draw the ancillary decorations in the corners, so as to achieve a harmonious effect as a whole.
The painted pottery urn unearthed in Baping, Yongjing, is divided into eight grids at the bottom, middle and top, and is composed of eight parts of the pattern.
For example, the painted pottery urn with continuous heavy arc patterns of the Baping Banshan type in Dibaping, Guanghe requires dividing the circumference into 11 equal parts, which shows that the difficulty of this work at that time was extraordinary.
When painting, first draw the theme pattern, and then add auxiliary decorations that are coordinated with the theme and complementary to each other.
The bottle-shaped utensils of the Yangshao Culture and Majiayao Culture are long and thin in shape, with a straight belly and a small body that can be easily seen as a whole.
The theme decorations are painted in the most eye-catching position of the utensils, and other decorations may serve as foils and fill gaps, or they may be decorated on the mouth, neck, and upper abdomen to serve as auxiliary decorations.
Based on the observation and study of painted pottery patterns, it is actually impossible to infer the specific painting process.
The point is used as the anchor point, and then the arc is drawn out seven times with the circle point as the center to form a continuous swirl pattern.
For example, for mid-level painting, you need to first draw a few small circles, gourd patterns, etc., and then draw other auxiliary zigzag patterns and other patterns around it.
Moreover, the grids filled within the outline are becoming increasingly sparse and finer.
Therefore, the focus of painting is mostly on the abdomen and lower parts of the utensils.
Because the shapes of the vessels are different, the method of equal division is also the same. Vertical long vessels rarely use horizontal parallel lines to separate the painted parts from bottom to top;
The red lines also play the role of equal positioning.
The mid-mountain type urn has a small round belly shape. Because the upper belly is basically blocked when it is placed on the ground, it is painted below the middle part.
For utensils with ears, those accessories are the most convenient and ready-made dividing points.
However, through casual observation and analysis, although the white color pattern occupies the main space, it is still difficult to see that the overall pattern is based on red color as the backbone.
Since the late Yangshao culture, fewer grid patterns have appeared.
According to the shape of the utensil, there should be no prior design and conception of the patterns and inner colors on the rim, neck, and abdomen.
All in all, by first drawing the theme pattern and backbone lines, you can control the entire picture and make the layout more reasonable and beautiful.
White zigzag patterns or strips, the strips are spaced among the red lines, and the white and red reflect each other, forming a bad picture.
The painted parts of some utensils are separated by odd numbers.
Drawing the outline first and then filling it in is also a main method of making colored paintings.
Some patterns are easier to divide, such as the fish pattern basin, which divides the circumference into seven equal parts and depicts two groups of fish with the same pattern;
The painted pattern can be divided into sevenths, eighths, sevenths or less, all depending on the theme pattern decoration.
The middle and abdominal area is the smallest, and the theme pattern is located in an important position in the middle.
The Majiayao type basins have a large mouth and a shallow belly. Since the inner wall is more clear when viewed from above, the inner color is the main color, supplemented by simple outer color;
To make a petal pattern painted pottery basin, first use vertical lines to divide the belly of the object into seven equal parts laterally, then divide it into seven equal parts, and then divide it into four equal parts. The first part is painted into four sets of petal pattern patterns.
Before determining the position of the pattern, separate and divide the painted parts of the object as needed, fix the points, and then proceed with painting.
For example, the painted urn unearthed in Baping, Yongjing, which is called the "King of Painted Pottery", uses parallel lines to divide the painted parts into eight lower, middle and upper parts before painting them separately.
Therefore, from the edge of the mouth to the upper abdomen, apply color to a small part or apply color to the entire body;
The same is true for Machang type painted pottery. The outline of seven small circles is first drawn, and in front of it is filled with a grid pattern within the circles and fine decorative patterns in the surrounding spaces.
The production of those talents is completed based on those, and the painting of some patterns is done first, from complex to simple.
For horizontally narrow utensils, use vertical parallel lines to divide the utensils into equal parts from right to left.
Those patterns use the equal division method, which can obviously meet the needs of the development of painted pottery.
For example, on a painted pottery vase with a salamander pattern, you should first outline the body of the salamander, and then draw the grid patterns and limbs within its body.
You need to first draw the swirl pattern as the theme, and then fill in the surrounding blank spaces with large concentric circles. The other patterns on the lower and upper abdomen are completed first.
For example, in the basins of the Yangshao Culture, the line of sight is limited to the edge of the mouth and abdomen, so only the parts within sight are painted;
It is not about positioning anymore. Before the late Yangshao Culture period, a small number of rotating continuous patterns appeared on the painted pottery, which were very integrated and could not be separated.
When craftsmen paint, they may apply them randomly.
For example, the pointed-bottomed bottles collected from Lujiaping, Longxi Province, require a central circle with eight whorls.
Bisectors or dividing lines can only be used as intervals between parts of the same pattern. They also serve as borders and play a certain decorative role.
Painted pottery patterns can be divided into themed decorations and non-themed decorations.
For the regression analysis of that type of artifact, the outline should be drawn first, and then the grid patterns, diamond square patterns and other patterns within the outline should be filled in.
So circles replaced dots and evolved into circle positioning.
Therefore, it seems that the painting procedure for mid-level painting should be to first outline the main pattern with red color, and then draw the white color pattern.
Therefore, we must first try to reasonably divide or separate the painted parts, and then group them for painting and decoration.
According to the characteristics of this type of pattern, we must first plan the overall layout, determine its positioning points or positioning circles, and divide the painted parts.