For a half-mountain type painted pottery pot with a gourd pattern, it is obvious that the outer outline of the gourd should be drawn first, then the fine mesh pattern inside the gourd should be filled, and finally the surrounding spaces should be completed with other line and stripe decorations.
For the horse factory type single-eared cup, you need to draw the zigzag strip pattern first, and then draw the fine grid pattern between the strips.
There are five criss-crossing longitude and latitude lines between the strips of about 1 square centimeter.
The skill of the painters at that time can be seen from this.
If not, the lines will be of varying thickness, uneven density, or the lines will be curved to cause overlapping, etc.
It can be seen that the proficiency of painting skills directly affects the quality and beauty of painted pottery.
Regardless of the shape of the vessel, the pattern, or the type of culture, there are always certain principles and procedures to follow when painting.
That is, from top to bottom, from point to surface, first the main body and then others, and from the overall layout to the local structure.
These laws set the precedent for the general rules of painting art in later generations.
During the heyday of Gansu painted pottery, the patterns were still complex but not chaotic, and in order. The fundamental reason was the above-mentioned basic rules of painting.
Once you know that, you can't imitate those ancient pottery.
On the mid-level painted pottery pots from Moujiaping, Lan City, there are no dents left at the junction of the neck and shoulders caused by rolling them longitudinally with a round stick.
Above that speed, the rotor can only be used for trimming the blank.
The painted materials will also be embedded into the surface of the device through rolling and polishing.
The molding method in the mature stage was popular in Miaodigou and Longshan Culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
According to current research results, the main methods for forming painted pottery in Gansu Province are the mold coating method and the mud strip forming method.
Its primary stage is the mold coating method. The earliest painted pottery in your country, the painted pottery unearthed from the Xiaodiwan Cultural Site, was not made by that method.
When applying pottery coating, apply mud on the surface of the utensils or place the utensils in the mud and soak them.
According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the pigment is calcite and its components are calcium carbonate and silicon heptoxide.
When rolling, pay attention to the direction of force being basically perpendicular to the surface of the instrument, so that the color material will shift and the pattern will remain original.
This can make the texture of the surface of the instrument denser and smoother and more delicate.
From this, we can now confirm that the earliest form of painted pottery was the mold coating method.
Where the pottery pieces are broken, the phenomenon of delamination and delamination can be seen.
The red coloring material was identified as cinnabar, and the main components of the white coloring material were calcite and a large amount of gypsum.
After previous experiments, it was found that the inner color can be rolled backwards with a hard and smooth ball, and the inner color can be rolled with a hard and smooth round stick.
A piece of white painted pottery was discovered in the first phase of Xiaodiwan. The white paint was painted on the inner wall of the pot-shaped vessel. The texture of the paint was thicker and significantly lower than the surface of the vessel.
One type is red painting painted under stucco pottery. The pattern is clear because the color material falls off;
The difference between the two is that the latter applies mud under the mold, but the former builds mud strips under the mold.
The raw material for pottery clothing is fine clay slurry that you have carefully washed, and other pigments are also added from time to time.
In this way, it will become an organic part of the surface of the device, firmly attached to the body and not falling off, and the surface of the device will be bright and beautiful before firing.
Hand-made can be divided into the kneading method, the clay piece pasting method, and the clay strip building method.
After painting, first apply a layer of colored sunrong on the pottery base, which was a common practice in various types of painted pottery cultures before the middle Yangshao period.
The pottery sherds from the Xiaodiwan Phase I do not have a very distinctive feature, that is, the sherds are layered.
It was not until 5,000 years ago that the Longshan Culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River invented and used the slow wheel.
The composition of the white paint at that time was basically the same as that of the first period, but the texture was finer.
It is mainly divided into the inner surface layer and the inner tube layer, and the inner tube layer can be divided into two or eight layers. From the cross-section of the pottery sherd, the longitudinal through texture of each layer can be clearly seen.
The wheel-making method is a process of drawing and shaping using a slow-rotating pottery wheel.
The "Liangjiang Stone" that can be seen everywhere in the local area contains a relatively low amount of calcite. It is estimated that the "Liangjiang Stone" was ground into white pigment before being cooked.
After identification, the raw material of red sunrong is red clay with low iron content, while the white pottery coat is mostly chalk soil.
The mud piece-laying method is mainly popular in the southern region of your country, and the mud strip-laying method is the main pottery making method in the Yellow River Basin, including Gan Province.
Painted pottery is painted when the pottery base is not completely dry.
The half-mountain type painted pottery table is the most finely polished, with bright patterns and dazzling brilliance, reaching the extreme.
It has gone through a long development process from early hand-made pottery through fast-wheel trimming to slow-wheel pottery making.
The kneading method is limited to a large number of large utensils and accessories under the utensils.
Only when the rotation speed reaches below 90 cycles per minute can the green body be quickly formed.
The other type is painted on clay bottles and white paintings under the pots, and the phenomenon of falling off is as slight as the red color.
The production methods of pottery in your country during the Neolithic Age can be roughly divided into hand-making, molding and wheel-making.
The inner and outer layers of the painted pottery bowl are made of red clay pottery, and the inner layer is off-white, sandwiched with relatively uniform fine sand grains.
The first-stage pottery body is thinner, with a special thickness of 0.3 cm;
It can be seen that although the fast wheel has been used to make pottery, there is no way to shape the pottery.
Colloidal substances are added to the paint of this type of pottery, so that the paint adheres to the surface of the vessel, but is still difficult to fall off.
So, why can't it be considered molding?
Therefore, it can only be used as an auxiliary means to trim the green body, so it can be classified as a wheel-making method.
Yangshao and Majiayao culture did not have a large number of white pottery clothes.
The more common one is painted pottery, which refers to pottery that is painted with colorful patterns before it is fired.
Secondly, the types of pottery in the first period are complex, and many pottery pottery has the same small and large sizes, which further proves the possibility of molding;
In other words, the earliest pottery making was done without a pottery wheel.
For example, if you paint white paint under red pottery, the color contrast is weak and steady, making it more dazzling.
Before Shi Sunrong, the surface of the vessel seemed to be covered with a gorgeous layer of colorful clothes, and then painted with other colors.
In fact, there are several reasons. The first is not based on the common sense of pottery making technology. The pottery tire made by the mud strip building method has thicker sidewalls.
It was about 7,000 years ago that the fast wheel was produced.
That is, mainly relying on the internal mold, the mud material is directly squeezed into mud sheets, and then applied layer by layer under the mold.
The adhesion performance under pottery is weaker than that of the first stage, and the craftsmanship has obviously faded away. This may be due to the use of worse colloid materials.
In the seventh phase of Xiaodiwan, less painted pottery was unearthed.
After the green body is painted, it must be polished repeatedly with pebbles and other tools.
The first and most conclusive evidence is that the inner molds used to make the utensils and the inner molds used to make the spouts were both fired solid clay molds.
Molding method is a pottery forming method based on molds.
From this preliminary judgment, the pottery base is made of the same mud material applied in layers.
Such as ears, feet and hand-kneaded mud strips attached to the underside of the utensils to form additional patterns.
Even if the missing pottery is painted before adding a pottery lining, such as the Xiaodiwan Period 7 pottery tripod, which is entirely decorated with purple-red pottery lining, it still looks gorgeous and dazzling.
Red pottery clothing is popular in the Machang type, as well as in the Huoshaogou, Xindian and Shajing cultures;