Chen Xiao took the chip directly, put it in the palm of his hand and played with it carefully.
In Zhang Jing's opinion, Chen Xiao's action was so reckless.
But because Chen Xiao is the boss and his immediate boss.
Therefore, even if Zhang Jing was in great pain, he did not dare to complain at all.
The main frequency of a 65-nanometer chip is only 2.0G Hz.
Although the running frequency is much lower than the first generation Pangu and Pangu 2 chips.
But because the process is more than twice as advanced as 130 nanometers.
Therefore, the actual computing speed has been greatly improved compared to Pangu 1 and Pangu 2.
Why is Chen Xiao not as cautious as Zhang Jing?
Because before he was reborn, he had casually played with new 3-nanometer products.
I accidentally broke off the pin, and then welded it on myself.
In the end the chip was still usable.
Compared to previous products after rebirth.
The 65nm process chips are nothing more than antique-level products.
Therefore, in terms of psychological feelings, Chen Xiao will not be as cautious as Zhang Jing.
Chen Xiao changed his hands from left to right, preparing to carefully observe the pins and other parts of the chip.
Unexpectedly, this action shocked Zhang Jing and others.
"Be careful!" Zhang Jing felt as if his heart was about to jump out of his chest. He couldn't help but shout urgently.
He thought Chen Xiao's hand slipped accidentally and the chip was about to fall.
It turned out that Chen Xiao was changing hands.
Then he breathed a sigh of relief.
Look how cautious Zhang Jing is.
Chen Xiao laughed and said: "Our products still have to withstand ups and downs, and don't become inoperable just because of a little bump."
Zhang Jing smiled awkwardly.
That's exactly what it said.
But you must be careful in actual operation.
In Chen Xiao's view, the size of the chip is still too large.
However, compared with the 130-nanometer Pangu 1 and 2 chips, the size is still much smaller.
The pins of the chip are densely packed, and because the chip has been packaged, Chen Xiao cannot see the more precise structure inside.
The technicians began to report the specific parameters and performance of the chip to Chen Xiao, Zhang Jing and others.
"This chip is named Pangu 3 chip."
"It adopts a dual-core design, the system bus (FSB) is 800 MHz, the main frequency is 2.0Ghz, the first-level cache is 512K, and carbon crystal particles are used, and the second-level cache is 12 MB, also using carbon crystal
Particles.”
"The operating voltage is about 1.25 volts, and the heat dissipation power is 45 watts."
"The number of pins is the same as Pangu 1 and Pangu 2, and it can be adapted to Angda motherboards that are already on the market."
This chip was designed by Chen Xiao himself.
Therefore, even if the staff did not make any reports, Chen Xiao was familiar with the parameters of the chip.
But Chen Xiao knew.
At present, Changtian Technology's chip design is generally based on traditional Intel chips.
Therefore, the entire production process is relatively close to the traditional production process of Intel chips.
This is also what Chen Xiao regrets.
The more Chen Xiao learned about the corresponding skills in the technology tree, the more he realized that the current chip design and production technology were actually relatively backward.
The reason why Chen Xiao said this is mainly for two reasons.
The first is that the size of the chip is larger and follows Moore's Law.
Large chips can only be applied to bulky desktop computers, and notebook computers that may appear to be lighter but are actually still bulky.
With the advent of the mobile Internet era.
Computers will appear in every aspect of life.
If computers are still produced in such a bulky size, their range of use will be limited.
This means that the power consumption of the chip is still too high.
Whether it is a laptop, tablet or mobile phone in the future.
What is needed is a high-performance and low-power chip.
Only in this way can the portability of the device be increased.
High power consumption means high power consumption.
You can't require users to hold the charging cable all the time and find a place where they can charge for work or entertainment, right?
Chen Xiao was reborn.
Even later generations of smartphones and wearable devices have become quite common.
Chen Xiao is very dissatisfied with the computing power and batteries of these devices.
Take mobile phones as an example.
Whenever you go out, in addition to your mobile phone, you will definitely bring a mobile phone charger or power bank.
Even if you don’t bring one, so-called shared power banks appear in every corner of the city.
Is this really convenient?
It seems very convenient, but in fact it is not.
There is no user who doesn’t complain about the battery life of the phone.
It's fine in the city.
If you go out for an outing, or even go to the mountains.
Then a few thousand milliamp hours of power for your mobile phone or laptop will give you quite a headache.
Therefore, Chen Xiao firmly believes that the current chip production process is just a transition.
There will definitely be better solutions in the future.
The reason why we are so eager to launch 65nm chips.
In addition to winning the brutal battle with Intel and taking the lead in the upcoming mobile Internet era.
The most important thing is to accumulate more users and have more influence.
Upgrade the chip technology tree as soon as possible.
Feelings are feelings.
Chen Xiao still encouraged the technical staff of Yanjiang Semiconductor Company.
After all, the task can be completed in such a short time.
Everyone still worked hard.
Moreover, even the entire chip production process is still completed in accordance with Western standards.
Changtian Technology still has its own highlights.
The biggest highlight is the first-level cache and the second-level cache.
The first-level cache and the second-level cache still inherit the characteristics of the Pangu 1 and Pangu 2 chips.
Chen Xiao believes that even if Intel announces 65nm-level performance.
in terms of computing speed.
Changtian Technology will definitely have an advantage.
Therefore, the Pangu-3 chip developed by Changtian Technology this time should be the most advanced commercial chip in the world so far.
none of them!
"Has it been tested?"
Logically speaking.
Before reporting work to their boss, researchers should conduct a complete performance test on the chip before reporting work.
But this time, time is really too urgent.
And everyone couldn't hold back their inner joy.
So as soon as the chip came off the production line, the matter was immediately reported to Zhang Jing and Chen Xiao.
New testing of the chip has not yet come.
Chen Xiao saw the embarrassed expressions on the staff's faces.
He didn't blame anyone.
Instead, he said very kindly: "Test the performance."
There are two ways to test the performance of chips.
One is to use professional equipment and instruments to test the computing power, power consumption, stability, etc. of the chip after powering on the chip.
This is a factory performance test.
The second test method is more straightforward. Install the chip directly on the computer equipment to test the comprehensive usage ability of the chip.
After an hour-long test.
The staff sent a test report of more than 50 pages to Chen Xiao.
Chen Xiao looked at the detailed test report and felt very satisfied.
The actual performance of the chip is almost the same as that designed by Chen Xiao.
The performance deviation is no higher than 5/10000.
This kind of performance deviation is also within the allowed range of the industry.
What Chen Xiao cares most about is the yield rate.
Yield rate is very important.
Directly affects the actual cost and output of the chip.
What is yield rate?
The ratio of the number of chips that come off the production line that actually meet the performance standards to the total number of products produced.
Chips are very precise semiconductor products.
If you don't test it, you won't know whether it can meet the standards.
There are many chips, and the appearance is complete, as is the entire production process.
But in actual operation, the main frequency may be only 1Ghz, not even half of the designed main frequency.
It is also possible that the chip has a data storage failure. Although the chip's computing power and design are exactly the same, the calculated data cannot be exchanged with the computer through the cache.
Of course there are various other issues.
During the production process, whether the technology does not meet the requirements or the material itself is flawless, it will affect the chip yield.
The higher the yield, the lower the cost of the production line.
On the contrary, production costs are getting higher and higher.
Follow the usual requirements in the industry.
If the yield rate is below 85%, then your chip foundry should no longer produce chips.
After all, this kind of yield rate will make the chip tape factory very uncomfortable after the cost is amortized.
The yield rate of Intel's own chip factories and TiMC has been above 95% all year round.
Zhang Jing said: "Currently our yield rate can reach 92%."
92%?
This yield rate is acceptable, but Chen Xiao is not very satisfied either.
Zhang Jing explained the reason.
"The main reason for the low yield rate is that the quality of the photoresist is not high. Many times in the photolithography step, the chip drawing is not printed on the wafer due to overexposure."
Photoresist!
throughout the entire chip production process.
Almost every part and every raw material has extremely high technological content.
Changtian Technology can only try its best to keep all the technology in its own hands.
However, it is difficult for any science and technology, especially in the field of materials, to achieve leapfrog progress relying on the guidance of Changtian Technology in just a few months.
Photoresist, which is crucial to chip production, is the most critical factor affecting yield.
"The photoresist we currently use mainly comes from two companies."
"One is Yanjing Chemical Plant."
"One is purchasing from a related company affiliated with Toyo's Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography System Research Association."
The reason why Yanjing Chemical Plant is able to produce photoresist is that it was commissioned by the Semiconductor Research Institute of the Xia Academy of Sciences to specially prepare a research institute and production base for photoresist.
In the 1960s, Yanjing Chemical Plant had identified pyridine as the raw material and used a thermal process to produce polyvinyl alcohol cinnamate glue.
In the early 1990s, the Xia Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, had followed the footsteps of foreign countries and started researching extreme ultraviolet photoresist technology.
Although there has been some improvement, there is still a certain distance from the international advanced level.
The photoresist currently produced by the process owned by Yanjing Chemical Plant can indeed be used in the production of 65-nanometer chips.
The procurement cost is lower, but compared to Toyo's extreme ultraviolet technology, it has more flaws.
The photoresist purchased from Toyo is of very good quality and the yield rate is also very good.
However, the purchase price is relatively expensive, and if large-scale mass production of chips is required, the purchase quantity may be limited.
Therefore, Changtian Technology can only purchase photoresist from Yanjing Chemical Plant on a large scale.
Moreover, the production capacity of this kind of photoresist has been upgraded with the help of Changtian's technical personnel.
In short.
Raw materials similar to photoresist.
The dilemma faced by Changtian Technology is that although it can barely use it, there is still a big gap between technology and the West.
Chen Xiao has already established corresponding natural science research institutes in Jiangzhou City and Changzezhou in Suhang City.
Chen Xiao feels that traditional basic natural subjects such as physics and chemistry should also be put into the field of training.
How can we build a building if the foundation is not strong?
Only when a large number of talents in basic natural science disciplines emerge, can Changtian Technology be able to overcome more technological barriers and develop more cross-era technological products.
"What about the cost?"
This is still an issue that Chen Xiao is more concerned about.
Cost represents the competitiveness of a product.
If the chip cost of Changtian Technology is much higher than that of Intel.
Then this kind of product is not competitive in the market.
Consumers are not fools.
For products with similar performance, the cheaper the better.
Zhang Jing had already obtained the cost information of the product yesterday.
He said: "Not counting R&D investment, but only calculating production costs, the cost of the Pangu 3 chip is 864 yuan."
This is priced in RMB.
It is certainly not possible to calculate R&D costs.
If you calculate R&D costs, then include the cost of photolithography machine production.
Then there is no way to estimate this chip for my son.
It is definitely not possible to recover the capital in a short period of time.
Fortunately, 65nm-level chips can still be used for a few years.
As long as Changtian Technology's chips can occupy the market on a large scale, they can still make their money back.
Even if the chip industry chain established through this opportunity cannot recoup its capital, it can still play other roles in the future competition in science and technology.
Calculating it this way is priceless.
The production cost is as high as more than 800 yuan.
Still relatively expensive.
Chen Xiao predicts that Changtian Technology’s chip production costs should be more expensive than Intel’s.
But it runs faster, and Changtian Technology is willing to make small profits but quick turnover, so it should be able to compete with Intel.
Chen Xiao nodded and said: "Relevant information about the Pangu No. 3 chip will not be announced to the public for the time being. We will optimize the industry chain first and stock up on a large scale as soon as possible."
"As soon as Intel officially sells 65-nanometer Core chips, we will immediately put the Pangu 3 chip on the market."
What Chen Xiao wants is to catch him by surprise.
The beating made Intel hurt.
Just imagine, Intel has spent a lot of energy and time developing and producing 65-nanometer chips, but there is really no way to gain the market share it wants.
This will have a huge impact on the global semiconductor system!
And as long as the chip can be mass-produced, the cost will definitely be further reduced.
Zhang Jing immediately said: "I'll make arrangements right away."
at the same time.
In Yanjing, Lianxiang headquarters.
A serious dispute is taking place in the conference room.