Because the Crown Prince Zhu Changluo was going to the Imperial College to listen to this great debate, the Imperial College officials below Zhu Guozhen did not dare to neglect themselves. They had conducted a comprehensive inspection of the Imperial College a few days ago. Except for the instructors and supervisors, all other miscellaneous personnel were included.
He was not allowed to stay in prison. On the morning of November 15th, he ordered the soldiers to clear all the snow on the road from Jixian Gate to Yilun Hall. They also transferred 200 sergeants from Dongcheng and Beicheng Soldiers and Horses Division to strengthen the guard.
, the supervisor and the instructors of each hall were urging the supervisors to line up to greet them.
The Imperial College in Beijing is larger than the Imperial College in Jimingshan, Nanjing, covering an area of more than 100 acres. At its peak, there were more than 13,000 graduates. The preparation of regulations and the prosperity of humanities are unprecedented. However, since Jiajing, in Nanjing,
The number of prison students studying in classes in the North Prison has been decreasing year by year. Today, there are only 7,000 prison students enrolled in the North Prison. It is already mid-winter. Most of the prison students from other provinces have returned to their hometowns, but there are still more than 1,000 prison students remaining in the prison. Many of them are still in the prison.
The supervisors are looking forward to this big debate. Some studious supervisors have even purchased Western books such as "Elements of Geometry" and "Aesop's Fables" to study. Understanding Western studies has become a fashion——
Recently there is a rumor in the Imperial College that Zhang Yuan, the new top scholar in the imperial examinations, got his strong memory ability from the teachings of the great Western scholar Matteo Ricci. Matteo Ricci had a memory method called "Palace of Memory".
Matteo Ricci impressed many officials and gentry with this extraordinary memorization. Matteo Ricci could recite a text with hundreds of words that made no sense after reading it once, and he could also recite it backwards and forwards. Matteo Ricci claimed that this was not a natural talent.
, but an ability that can be obtained through training in the "Palace of Memory", which is very attractive to the supervisors. Because everyone hopes that they have the ability to remember things, reading and scientific examinations do not have to be so strenuous, Zhang Yuan
He won the top prize at the age of nineteen, and ten members of the Han Society were named on the gold medal list. So there were rumors linking Zhang Yuan and his Han Society's success in the imperial examinations with Matteo Ricci's memory method. The curiosity of the supervisors was very strong.
Hold back, not afraid of the cold, and lined up on both sides of the corridor from Taixue Gate to Yilun Hall early to wait for the arrival of the Crown Prince and the officials participating in the debate——
At the beginning of the hour, Zhan Shifu, officials of the Hanlin Academy, Shen Que, and Master Lianchi entered the Jixian Gate accompanied by Zhu Guozhen, who was offering wine, and stopped in front of the Taixue Gate to stand respectfully. Internal officials from the East Palace had already come to deliver a message
.The Crown Prince will arrive at the Imperial Academy at 2:00 p.m.
The terrace in front of the Yilun Hall from Taixue Gate is 43 feet long. More than a thousand supervisors lined up on both sides, neatly. There was a slight low buzzing sound. It was the supervisors whispering. They saw the pattern of wearing a heron.
Zhang Yuan, who is a perfect match for the official uniform, is so enviable as a weak young man who is crowned a sixth-rank official.
Snowflakes began to fall again on the gloomy sky. At two o'clock, the East Palace Lubu arrived with great force. The Yanshan Guards, Yulin Guards, and the East Palace retinues surrounded the crown prince. The emperor's eldest grandson's car drove to the Imperial Academy. The crown prince Zhu Changluo and the emperor's eldest grandson Zhu
He got off the bus from the school in front of the Taixue Gate and accepted the audience of the officials and supervisors. Zhang Yuan saw that Zhu Changluo was white-faced and bloated, and he looked older than when he and Zhou Yanru confronted him in the Wenhua Hall three months ago. He thought that Concubine Zheng would send him off.
The eight beauties are very tempting. Eat manna cakes often. "The bodies of the twenty-eight beauties are as crisp as they are, and they can kill stupid men with a sword at their waists." If Zhu Changluo goes like this for a long time, his body will definitely collapse. The matter of the curtains and bed is
It’s not easy for Wang An, the eldest companion of the East Palace, to give advice, right?
Entering the wide hall in the middle of Yilun Hall, the wide hall has fire walls and floor heating, and is as warm as spring. There are five edicts from Emperor Taizu Gao hanging on it. Zhu Changluo set up a seat under the edict, and Zhu Youxiao stood at the bottom. , after all the officials had finished the ceremony, Zhu Changluo specially ordered to give a seat to the eighty-year-old Master Lianchi. The other officials did not have to sit down, so they did not have to kneel and stand to debate. He also gave permission to the four clerks who were responsible for recording the content of the debate. You can sit down and take notes——
There were a total of sixteen officials in the Zhanshi Mansion headed by Qian Longxi, including the Cheng, Bachelor, Concubine, Yu De, and Zan Shan. The Hanlin Academy also had the Bachelor headed by Guo Hui, who served as readers, lecturers, editors, editors, and reviewers. Sixteen people, in addition to twelve Imperial College officials and four Western missionaries, Qian Longxi and Guo Hui respectively reported to the Crown Prince the preparations for this great debate. The Crown Prince said: "Since ancient times, emperors have governed the world with Confucianism. In order to respect him, he also used Buddhism and Taoism to supplement education and encourage people to do good. Ministers from far-flung places in the West have come to our country in the Ming Dynasty to spread Christianity for decades. Recently, disputes have arisen, and scholars in Nanjing are in an uproar. The minister Shen Guo has taken the initiative to expel the missionaries. Christianity was strictly prohibited, but Zhan Shifu Zuo Zanshan, Xu Guangqi and others defended Christianity, each with his own opinion, which was heard in the palace. In the past, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty asked Wei Zheng, "What does the master do to be clear and dark?" Wei Zheng replied. 'Listen to both, and you will be enlightened, and if you listen, you will be dark', and debates and doubts have also been practiced in ancient times. The theory of salt and iron in the Western Han Dynasty and the theory of the destruction of gods in the Southern Dynasty were both major debates in history. In view of this, the emperor ordered Zhan Shifu and the Hanlin Academy to The official will listen to three arguments from both sides on the 15th, 16th and 183rd of this month to decide the right and wrong - now the Nanjing Ministry of Rites, Shen Shilang, will make a statement."
The four clerks were busy writing and recording quickly. After the debate, the four transcripts would supplement each other's omissions and reference evidence, and then be combined into one copy that would be submitted to Qian Longxi and Guo Hui for review, and then submitted to the emperor for review——
Shen Que then left the class, first saluted the Crown Prince, stood up and said: "I heard that the emperor governs the world, and this Confucianism is to set the rules and regulations, and to uphold the rules and regulations to clarify the rewards and punishments, so that the people can be encouraged to do good and change evil, and not be moved by foreign things. , this is the foundation of uniting one heart, rectifying people's hearts and maintaining the national lineage. With Taizu Gao and Emperor long-distance control, Jiuliu led the posts, and the four barbarians came to the king, they still earnestly defended the barbarians and Di, recorded the ancestral training and rituals, etc. In the book, every country that pays tribute has a name, and its personnel and tribute items are numerous. When the time comes to review the tribute, there will be a survey, and the position is in the host and guest department. If it is not related to the record and there is no survey, there will be rules for crossing the Guanjin, and there will be cross-examination. The law of spies. As for the duties of the ministry, the prohibition of evil and righteousness is particularly strict. Anyone who follows the right path, pretends to do good deeds, and incites the people will be divided into leaders and followers, either hanged or exiled. The soldiers and civilians will hide and accept them regardless of their origins. Those who lure people to inquire about the affairs within the territory are sent to the border to serve as troops, or to speak out for the people. The law is extremely strict. Don't you know that the reputation of being admired by people from afar can be obtained, and the amount of support from the imperial court can cover the waste without outsiders! That's why Mountains and rivers have their own feudal territories, and the laws of other territories have their own ends. The reason why the righteous king's way is leveled, and the stupid people can easily think it is wrong, and suppress evil and uphold righteousness, clearly determined by one deity, is the reason why the customs are honest and honest. Therefore, the two clans of Shidao It has been circulated for a long time, and it goes hand in hand with Confucianism. It is a practice of shamanism, with a new ear and eyes, and it should be strictly avoided, so as not to incite the ignorant people, and it is the best plan for peace and security for all ages..."
Shen Que talked eloquently and eloquently. It was all about the contents of his three "Inspecting the Far and Far Away". He wanted to see Xu Guangqi, how could Zhang Yuan and others refute him face to face?
Xu Guangqi nodded to Li Zhizao, Zhang Yuan, and Xiong Sanba, and went out to argue: "For many years, I have been paying close attention to Matteo Ricci and Pang Di'e, and I know that they are the most true and correct, and there is nothing suspicious about their traces or thoughts. , in fact, they are all disciples of sages. Moreover, their ways are very upright, their discipline is very strict, their knowledge is very profound, their knowledge is very refined, their hearts are very true, and their views are very determined. In that country, there are also thousands of heroes and ten thousand people. Excellent people, so those who came from tens of thousands of miles east, including those from other countries, all cultivated themselves to serve the Lord. After hearing the teachings of Chinese sages, they also cultivated themselves to serve heaven, and conformed to their ideals. Therefore, they worked hard and endured dangers to come here. Corroborate each other. If you want to make everyone do good, I will carefully examine the Catholic doctrine. We should take serving God as the foundation, protecting the body and soul as the most important thing, and taking loyalty, filial piety and love as the work. Repentance and purification are the starting point. To further study, we should ascend to heavenly bliss as the reward for good deeds, and regard eternal damnation in hell as the retribution for evil deeds. All precepts and rules are based on the principles of nature and human feelings, and they should be able to benefit Confucianism. Leading people to do good is not a small trick of master witchcraft. !”
Shen Que said: "Yejiao deceives the common people, saying that there is no need to sacrifice to the ancestors, but if you respect God, you can ascend to heaven and avoid hell. The theory of heaven and hell is also shared by the Shidao family, but they use it to persuade people to be filial and filial. And punishing husbands for being unfilial and unfaithful to evil deeds is also helpful to Confucianism. Now I am directly admonishing not to sacrifice ancestors. This is teaching unfilial piety. It is leading the world without father and son. In fact, it is the great thief of Confucianism and the holy world. He will be killed."
Shen Que spoke so sternly that the eldest grandson of the emperor, Zhu Youxiao, who was standing in front of the crown prince, took half a step back in surprise. The twelve-year-old Zhu Youxiao couldn't understand what the two sides were arguing. He just saw who had the most momentum and judged him. He had the upper hand. Now that he saw Shen Que being so aggressive, he naturally had the upper hand. He couldn't help but look up at Zhang Yuan and saw Mr. Zhang looking at him with a smile. He felt at ease and thought to himself: "Let's see how Mr. Zhang refutes you."
In terms of seniority, it was not Zhang Yuan’s turn to speak. Now it was Li Zhizao, the young minister of Taipu Temple in Nanjing, who responded to Shen Que’s accusation. Li Zhizao said: “The fourth commandment of God’s Ten Commandments is to teach people to be filial to their parents. Shilang Shen heard from hearsay that he was very skeptical about Catholicism. If you only have a partial understanding of the meaning, take it out of context, or even wantonly distort it, then you say that Catholicism teaches people unfilial piety. Isn’t this what a gentleman would do?”
Li Zhizao also had a tough attitude and showed no mercy to Shen Que. He and Shen Que were officials in Nanjing together and had a good personal relationship. Shen Que also knew that he believed in Catholicism and had never advised him before. After the banquet last year , suddenly became violently anti-religious, which really made him very angry. In May last year, when Shen Que was appointed as the Minister of Rites of Nanjing for the first time, he held a banquet for guests and friends in the mansion. Li Zhizao also attended the banquet. There were performances by singing girls and theater troupes. Li Zhizao believed that those performances were obscene. He used the sixth commandment of Catholicism not to engage in sexual immorality to advise Shen Que. Shen Que was very angry and became a vanguard against Christianity——
When Shen Que heard Li Zhizao accuse him face to face of not being a gentleman, he was furious and sneered: "Whether I am a gentleman or not is another matter, but I sacrifice to my ancestors and obey my parents. How can I be called the son of man? And the followers of the Christian religion can't even call him a gentleman." Not even the Son of Man."
Seeing the heated words between the two, Wang An, who was standing next to the Crown Prince, whispered a few words to the Crown Prince. The Crown Prince then said: "In a debate in Yilun Hall, you should not scold each other, but convince others with reason."
Li Zhizao and Shen Queqi declared: "I sincerely comply with His Highness's decree."
Li Zhizao slowed down his tone and said: "Matteo Ricci, a sage from the West, was once summoned by the emperor. He was very knowledgeable and was praised by Mr. Ye Ge. When he was preaching in the Ming Dynasty, why did Ricci not allow people to worship ancestors and Confucius?"
Just ten days ago, at Zhang Yuan's suggestion, missionaries such as Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao and Long Huamin held a meeting in the church to vote on whether the Catholic Church would allow Chinese believers to worship ancestors and worship Confucius, which are traditional Chinese rituals. In the end, Long Huamin, Pang Di'e and others
The missionaries agreed to continue Matteo Ricci's strategy of liturgical adaptation and scientific missionary work. This was a necessary concession, otherwise Zhang Yuan would withdraw from the debate. Zhang Yuan did not want to challenge traditional Chinese folk customs for the sake of Catholicism, so Li Zhizao today mentioned Matteo Ricci's past
Missionary deeds——
Xu Ruke, a doctor in the Nanjing Ministry of Rites, said: "When Matteo Ricci first came to the Ming Dynasty, he was naturally cautious in preaching and did not dare to challenge my etiquette of worshiping ancestors and Confucius. Now more than 20 years have passed, and the number of Catholics since Long Huamin has increased greatly.
, to expand their power, they dare to prohibit the followers from worshiping their ancestors and offering sacrifices to Confucius. In time, they will definitely incite the followers to rebel and rebel, and destroy the unification of our country, the Ming Dynasty."
Xiong Sanba knelt down and said: "Priest Wang Fengsu banned Catholics from worshiping their ancestors and Confucius in Nanjing. It was out of temporary prejudice. It was also because he didn't know much about the customs of the Ming Dynasty, which caused misunderstandings in verbal communication. In fact, Wang Fengsu saw that the people in Jiangnan were quite
There is a trend of lavish burials and poor maintenance. Why? A generous burial can be done for a while, with loud gongs and drums, and a swagger in the market, which can build a reputation for filial piety, but raising relatives is a matter of years or even decades. It is a family affair. It is difficult for outsiders to know, as the saying goes.
There are no filial sons before a long-term illness, so it is said that it is difficult to raise relatives and give them a good burial. In view of this, Wang Fengsu advocates filial piety to relatives during his lifetime among his parishioners, so as not to cause the pain of the absence of relatives who want to support his children. If you are filial during your lifetime, you will have no regrets after death. How can Catholicism
There is no reason to disrespect the ancestors, but it lies in the difference in sacrificial etiquette. President Long Huamin has now told the congregation to respect the traditional etiquette of the Ming Dynasty. Worshiping ancestors and worshiping Confucius are not prohibited."
As expected, the German Xiong Sanba was eloquent and spoke eloquent Mandarin as well as common proverbs. His words were reasonable and reasonable, and he lightly concealed Wang Fengsu's radical preaching. These missionaries in the Ming Dynasty have now realized that in preaching in the East, they must return to Matteo Ricci's caution.
Strategy, because just the previous year, a Catholic persecution occurred in Japan. Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu announced the outlawing of Catholicism and destroyed all churches. A large number of Jesuits, Franciscans and believers were beheaded or burned to death (Japanese Shogunate
The ban on Catholicism was extremely severe and the punishments were cruel. Congregants were hung upside down on cesspools and smoked to death, and were thrown into sulfur mineral springs. The ban was not lifted until the Meiji Restoration two hundred years later.) Long Huamin and others in Beijing also recently
I just learned this news. If the Nanjing Mission Case cannot be saved this time, they may also fall into the same miserable situation as the missionaries in Japan——
Shen Gue glanced sideways at Xiong Sanba and sneered: "Sacrifices to ancestors and Confucius are not allowed. This is a delaying tactic when you see that the imperial court is urgent about banning religion."
Zhang Yuan finally spoke: "Why does Shilang Shen judge others with such malice? Confucius said, 'It is a mistake to make a mistake without correcting it.' If Wang Fengsu has made a mistake, why should he not be allowed to correct it?"
Shen Que was also waiting for Zhang Yuan to speak. Hearing Zhang Yuan quote "The Analects" to defend Wang Fengsu, he immediately said: "If you are not of my race, his heart must be different. Wang Fengsu, a barbarian and a Di man, came to our country to preach, which is harboring evil intentions.
Below, inside and outside the Bohai Sea, only the emperor is the one who carries the blessing and caress. Therefore, the country is called Ming Dynasty, and the Yi and Di are also called Daxi. How can there be two great powers in the world? The prosperity of the three generations is called the King of Heaven when he comes to the princes, and he is called the Son of Heaven when he rules the world.
This dynasty has compiled ancient customs, and in every edict issued, it is said to serve the heaven, and the barbarians and the Di are called the gods. If a general rides on it, and the others commit the crime, the sin will not be forgiven."
Zhang Yuan shook his head slightly. Shen Que was a representative of the ignorant, blind, arrogant and pedantic officials and gentry of the Ming Dynasty. Those who hold this view should be the majority. They don't believe in Matteo Ricci's "Comprehensive Map of the Territory of All Nations". How can the territory of the Ming Dynasty be mapped? It occupies such a small area, and it is not in the center. It is really unreasonable. The foreign countries these people know are North Korea, Japan, Annan, Siam, and the farthest one is Mancajia. They have forgotten all the places where the three treasure eunuchs have been. Okay, Matteo Ricci’s statement that there are more than thirty countries thousands of miles west of the Sea is absolutely deceptive. Matteo Ricci thought that the vast ocean was so vast that it could not be seen by the eyes of the Ming Dynasty, and it could not be reached by foot, so he dared to talk nonsense - —
Zhang Yuan was a little helpless. Shen Guo thought that these people were repulsive to anything new. You couldn't make them believe that the Spaniards had crossed the Atlantic to mine silver mines in the United States, because you couldn't drag them to the United States. So you can't prove that you are right. Long Huamin and Xiong Sanba came from tens of thousands of miles away to stand in front of them. They didn't believe it. They only thought that Ming Dynasty was the biggest, Ming Dynasty was the best, and Ming Dynasty was the center of the world - —
Zhang Yuan thought: "You must refute him with the knowledge that Shen Que can understand from the Four Books and Five Classics. Otherwise, it will be useless no matter how extravagant your talk is. If he only says 'I don't believe it', you will be helpless."
Looking out from the window of Yilun Hall, the snow was getting heavier and heavier, and a thin layer of snow accumulated on the ground that had been swept early in the morning. Zhang Yuan took a long breath and asked Shen Que: "Shilang Shen said that he is not of my race." The heart must be different, and those who keep silent about Yi and Di harbor evil intentions. I dare to ask Mr. Shen, in which classic is the theory of Yi and Di first found?"
Shen Que hesitated for a moment and replied: "The Analects of Confucius says, 'It is better for the Yi and Di to have kings than for the Xia to have none'."
"wrong!"
Zhang Yuan's voice was not loud, but it was clear and clear: "The debate between the barbarians and the barbarians first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Annals. However, does Shen Shilang know about the debate between the barbarians and the barbarians in the Spring and Autumn Annals?"
Zhang Yuan studied the "Spring and Autumn" classics, but his first skill was cut off during the examination. It was precisely because of his wonderful performance of the "Spring and Autumn" topics that he still stood out, so no one dared to doubt Zhang Yuan's profound attainments in the "Spring and Autumn". In fact, both "Spring and Autumn" and "The Analects of Confucius" were written by Confucius, and the theories of Yi and Di are not in order. However, "Spring and Autumn" is a history book, dating from the AD year of Lu Yin. The impression of the world is of course that "Spring and Autumn" is older than "The Analects of Confucius". Zhang Yuan used this to give Shen Que a show of strength and suppress Shen Que's momentum first——
As expected, Shen Que blushed and angrily stopped answering Zhang Yuan's questions.
Zhang Yuan smiled and said: "Did Minister Shen throw away the Four Books and Five Classics after he became a Jinshi? He really regarded the scriptures of sages as a stepping stone to his official career. Let me tell you, the China mentioned in "Spring and Autumn" is only today Henan, Shandong, and other places outside Songgao and Heluo were all Yi and Di. Shaanxi belonged to Qin in ancient times. "Gongyang Zhuan" said, "What is it called Qin? It is also Yi and Di." The following came from Shaoxing. Shaoxing belonged to Baiyue in ancient times and Yi and Di. Also, Minister Shen is from Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, and is also a Yi Di——"
"That's nonsense."
Shen Que shouted angrily: "How can it be copied from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty? My ancestors and fathers have been reading the books of sages for generations, and they have nothing to do with the Yi and Di."
Zhang Yuan waited for Shen Que to comment on this sentence, and said loudly: "Shilang Shen is right, people have a human face and a beast's heart, and they do evil things. Even if they are Chinese, they are not barbarians. If they do good and righteousness, cultivate themselves and serve heaven, even if they are far away from the country, they are still our Chinese." Friends of the State, "Spring and Autumn Fanlu" ridiculed Zheng's attack on Xu, calling it Di Zhi. Zheng's expedition was unjust and his rebellion was unfaithful. The Yi and Di's actions were also done by Di. Therefore, in China, the Yi and Di were not divided into regions, but in different regions. Civilized education is a state of etiquette, or is it a barbarian tribe, such as the Nurhachi of Jianzhou, who are really barbarians, and Matteo Ricci and others are knowledgeable and admire our Chinese education, how can they be denounced as barbarians?"
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Five thousand words have been updated, and it is very difficult to write. It is even more troublesome than the original debate when writing "The Superior Han Scholar". I have spent a lot of time thinking about it.
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