The classics, books and books that were produced in ancient China are ancient Chinese books. The limits of ancient Chinese society were bounded by 1840, but we cannot simply think that only classics that were produced before 1840 were Chinese ancient books. In 1840, China
Gradually became a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country. However, the feudal system, superstructure, ideological consciousness, cultural traditions, etc. that ruled Chinese society at this time did not qualitatively become. It was not until the Wuchang Uprising in 1911 that the Qing Dynasty rule was overthrown, and China was officially ended.
Feudal society. Therefore, when discussing the definition of ancient Chinese books, this time limit should be postponed to the victory of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.
Any classics that were born before 1911, with the content of studying ancient Chinese traditional culture, the method was to write traditional Chinese writing methods, and the binding of classics with traditional Chinese books in the form of ancient Chinese books is Chinese ancient books. This is the exact concept of ancient Chinese books. The broad sense of ancient Chinese books
, it was a work that was born in China before 1911 and had traditional binding forms. It not only covers the works of Chinese people, but also the works of foreigners when they were in China.
The simpler thing about the ancient book restoration competition is that the ancient book was not torn into pieces, or even fragments. Yuan Jie did not participate in the ancient book restoration competition. Today, Luo Tian’s opponent should be Zhang Qiwei. He is from Tianjin, and Tianjin is a school for
The restoration of ancient books is very researched. There is also a middle-aged man in his forties. Luo Tian has an impression of this man. He once helped the Ming Dynasty rubbings that were unfortunately damaged when he was digging the ancient tomb of the Ming Dynasty. And the effect is
Very outstanding.
The ancient book placed in front of Luo Tian now still needs to make accurate judgments before entering the next round of restoration. Luo Tian carefully checked it. This is "Zhaocheng Jinzang". Wow, although this competition is not large in scale.
But he spent a lot of money. This is "Zhaocheng Jinzang". Luo Tian looked at the ancient books in his hands. It seemed that each book was different, but the age was similar, which was also for the fairness of the competition!
However, this is not the original "Zhaocheng Jinzang", but a copy of the Ming Dynasty. The original "Zhaocheng Jinzang" is collected in the National Library of China, and "Zhaocheng Jinzang" is one of the four major collections of the library.
As one of the four major collections of the National Library, "Zhaocheng Jinzang" was carefully and meticulously protected. When it was collected in 1949, due to its long-term storage in humid environment, the "Zhaocheng Jinzang" at that time was very damaged and moldy, and the paper was stuck in a plate.
Together, six out of ten cannot be opened. In order to restore this batch of cultural treasures, since 1950, the central government has allocated funds for restoration when the war and the country's economic situation is difficult, and the North China Higher Education Commission has specially allocated funds for restoration.
Dong Biwu and Comrade Zhou Yang of the Education Committee personally issued an instruction to invite four masters from Liuli Factory to carry out the restoration work. The Hong Kong Buddhist community also raised Yunnan yarn paper and Guizhou vellum paper to fund the restoration. Mr. Zhao Wanli carefully planned the restoration work and adopted the first "reorganization of the old as the old".
"Repair the Sutra in principle. After 16 years of hard work, by 1965, the "Zhaocheng Jinzang" was completely restored and carefully preserved in a constant temperature and humidity warehouse and a nanmu bookcase.
This remediation case that caused a sensation across the country has been recorded in countless books and magazines. Luo Tian also had a deep impression. The restoration process of "Zhaocheng Jinzang" is as follows:
Steam: Wrap the praying rolls that are stuck together due to mold on a towel, wrap them with paper on the outside, and place them in a special cage to steam.
Removal: gently uncover the paper outside the steamed scripture until it cannot be uncovered. Then steam again and uncover again until all the leaves of the book are uncovered.
Support: Paste a layer of paper on the back of the unveiled book leaf and stretch it flat on the wall.
Cutting the book leaf: Cut it into square shapes.
Connect the paper: stick the book leaves together in order,
Upload: Stick paper on the back of the book leaf and stretch it flat on the wall.
Calendering: Make wax on paper and calendering it with stones.
Cut the qi: Cut the upper and lower sides of the scriptures.
Install the heaven and earth pole: Install the heaven and earth pole at the beginning and end of the scriptures.
The advantages of the restoration work of "Zhaocheng Jinzang" are that it is simple technology, easy operation, and saves time and effort. These are all determined by the large number of "Zhaocheng Jinzang". "Zhaocheng Jinzang" has a total of 4,814 pieces, many of which have been affected by the tide and mold.
The paper needs urgently to be repaired. If all the sides of the scriptures are inlaid with silk fabrics such as silk and silk according to the traditional method and framed into exquisite hand rolls, it will take a long time. Under the conditions of very tight manpower and material resources at that time, it will not be
It is possible to do it. Because of the simple method of repairing "Zhaocheng Jinzang", the speed of repairing "Zhaocheng Jinzang" has been improved on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has also reduced the difficulty of operation. Because of this, only 4 people
The power of the 10-year period of completion of the entire restoration of "Zhaocheng Jinzang" was only possible.
For the restoration work of "Zhaocheng Jinzang", the biggest regret is that no text or information was left during the restoration period. This is a pity. After more than 10 years of restoration work, only one volume of "Jin Ke Zhaocheng" has been left behind.
The Repair Book of the Tibetan Repair Book records the records of the extraction of more than 400 volumes of the "Zhaocheng Jinzang" scriptures from July 14, 1949 to June 2000, and from March 15, 15, 1954 to April 26, 1955. This workbook
The handwriting is different before and after.
The handwriting from 1949 to 1950 is ink, which only records several volumes of "Zhao Chengzang" scriptures each time, and the name of the scriptures and the time of return to the warehouse after the mount are registered. The handwriting after 1954 is
The writing of the fountain pen is simpler. Each time I write a book, I only register a few volumes and volumes, and I don’t even have the title of the scriptures, so we can’t start by wanting to understand the situation of Zhao Chengzang, which was restored at that time. The National Library Collection
There are more than 4,000 volumes of "Zhaocheng Jinzang" and its restoration process lasts for 16 years. There is no record of one word or one word file left, which is for the first large-scale cultural relics restoration project in China.
, it cannot be said that it is not a regret.
Luo Tian couldn't help but feel excited when he thought of the real "Zhaocheng Jinzang". Looking at the book in his hand, although it was a rubbing of the Ming Dynasty, it was also a genuine cultural relic, so Luo Tian thought that the organizer had invested a lot.
Luo Tian wrote his answer on the answer sheet and was the first to hand it over.
With yesterday's experience, the judges were much calmer about Luo Tian's performance today. They took turns to look at the answers and remained silent. Luo Tian's move undoubtedly brought great pressure to other contestants. Luo Tian passed by
When Zhang Qiwei was next to him, he glanced at him. Zhang Qiwei got the exquisitely engraved version of the Ming Dynasty - "Four Books of Supervision - The Doctrine of the Mean". Seeing that the damage was lighter than his own, he scanned the ancient books on his hands.
Luo Tian was so scared that he got the most difficult one!!
Luo Tian, while the other contestants had not submitted their answers, first studied the rubbings on his own. This rubbing was printed on paper with the scriptures on stone carvings. The rubbings have appeared since the Tang Dynasty, and the rubbings of the Ming Dynasty have become the same.
Features, the repair work is based on this feature and the characteristics of paper.