Chapter 217 The publication of the paper shocked the physics world and shocked the whole world.
Move!
Steven Davis and Seamus Evatt jointly confirmed the correctness of the method for calculating the critical temperature of single element superconducting mentioned in the paper "Superconducting Laws and Critical Constants".
After Magdalena Skipper, editor-in-chief of Nature, received the news, she still hesitated a little bit about whether the paper should be approved, because the content of the paper was so shocking that it would definitely have a huge impact once it was published.
This is not a mathematical theory problem. Even if it is proved to be wrong, it will only affect the authority of the author and the magazine.
Once the 'Law of Superconductivity' is released, it will definitely affect the entire field of physics. By then, many scientific institutions will follow up and conduct research.
Magdalena Skipper thought about it and decided to find another expert for review. She contacted Charles Kane, a very authoritative person in the field of 'topological physics'.
Thirty years ago, there was no such thing as 'topological physics'. Topology only existed as a separate mathematical subject. After Duncan Haldane and his colleagues published the theory of 'superconducting topological phase transition', topology was introduced into condensed matter.
In physics research, the research field of 'topological physics' gradually formed.
It didn't start when Duncan Haldane and his colleagues won the Nobel Prize together, but it started after publishing their research results more than thirty years ago.
It is precisely because of their research in related fields in recent years that Duncan Haldane and his colleagues, who introduced topology into the physics research system, won the Nobel Prize.
Most of the research on ‘topological physics’ was completed in the past two decades.
The first is the study of insulators. A research team from the California Institute of Technology found that some insulators made of heavy elements can generate their own magnetic field through the internal interaction between electrons and atomic nuclei, making the electrons on the surface of the material resistant to transformation.
The "topological protection" state allows them to flow with little resistance.
They later showed that this effect exists in bismuth antimonide crystals, which are known as topological insulators.
This discovery shocked the world of physics.
Edward Witten, a string theory expert at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, believes that "topological states are far from just bizarre special cases. They appear to offer a wide range of possibilities for discovering unknown effects in nature."
Later, many physicists joined in the research, and a lot of progress was made, such as Edward Witten's topological quantum field theory.
In physics research of practical significance, Charles Kane's team at the University of Pennsylvania has made remarkable achievements. They discovered that in topological materials, electrons and other particles sometimes collectively assume certain states.
In these states, they behave like an elementary particle.
After Charles Kane completed his research, he explained in an introductory interview, "These 'quasiparticle' states may have properties that do not exist in any known elementary particles, and they can even simulate particles that physicists have not yet discovered."
The ‘microscopic morphology within conductors’ currently being studied by Wang Hao is very similar to the results of Charles Kane.
Charles Kane is not a guest editor of Nature magazine, but Magdalena Skipper must have found the right person when she found him.
Charles Kane was drinking coffee and checking his email in his office when he received the news.
In fact, he also has some uncertainties about his research.
Many people believe that his research on "special forms of particles" may win the Nobel Prize in Physics in the future.
Only Charles Kane himself knew that he only made corresponding deductions based on experiments, rather than confirming the real existence of the "special form of particles".
In addition, his research is said to be very influential, but it is only in the field of 'topological physics'.
This is a brand new field that has not yet received much recognition, because the research involves a lot of theoretical derivation, and it is difficult to verify whether it is correct or not.
"Even if it is verified, it will only be a continuation of topological physics research and win the Nobel Prize?"
Charles Kane shook his head mockingly. He opened an email from the editorial department of Nature magazine and noticed that he was invited to review the manuscript.
Nature magazine?
Review?
Charles Kane subconsciously wanted to refuse. He didn't like reviewing manuscripts because research in the same industry would involve a lot of theoretical derivation, and even he couldn't guarantee accuracy.
He was about to write a rejection email when he noticed that the review invitation was specially marked--
The paper involves the study of "special forms of particles" in conductors. It is very similar to your research, Mr. Kane, and is a further expansion. It also deduces the "law of elemental superconductivity".
"It includes the study of 'special forms of particles'? And the 'law of elemental superconductivity'?"
"what?"
Charles Kane was immediately interested, and he immediately turned his refusal into agreement.
After the email was sent, he only waited for more than ten minutes before he received the specific content of the paper, titled "Superconducting Laws and Critical Constants."
Charles Kane downloaded the paper, opened it, and shouted to his assistant, "Get me a hamburger and a cup of black coffee."
The burgers and coffee were quickly delivered.
While eating, Charles Kane read the contents of the paper carefully.
After reading half a page, he couldn't eat anymore. He forgot to swallow the hamburger in his mouth, and stared at the content on the screen with his eyes wide open.
New geometry!
Semi-topological!
A special microscopic form that directly determines the critical temperature of superconducting elements!
Where is the further expansion of the ‘special form of particles’?
This is a major achievement that surpasses the research results of "special forms of particles" by dozens or even hundreds of times, can lead "topological physics" to glory, and once again set off a global upsurge in superconducting research!
…
Saikai University.
The communication gravity project has completed a phased research, and everyone in the laboratory is summarizing, reporting, writing papers, etc.
Wang Hao submitted his theoretical research to Nature magazine, and others also had to write some related papers. Factory 244 had to write a detailed experimental report on the progress of AC gravity.
This series of experiments was conducted for the purpose of theoretical research. In the process, the direction of AC gravity was also improved. The replacement of low-temperature superconducting materials directly increased the intensity of the AC gravity field, up to more than 24%, which is absolutely amazing.
Results.
The only regret is that no ‘strange’ phenomenon was discovered.
Wang Hao hoped to discover the special phenomenon that "the AC gravity field strength before the superconducting critical temperature is higher than that in the superconducting state", but in the end he was not able to achieve it.
The so-called special phenomenon is like the process of pinching an orange with force. Before the orange is pinched and exploded, the intensity of the juice sprayed from one side may be higher than that of the entire juice after the orange is pinched and exploded.
As long as special phenomena can be produced, it will play a great role in subsequent research. It can directly find the direction of subsequent research and development, and greatly strengthen the theoretical content, so as to explore the superconducting mysteries of further molecular levels and even complex organic molecules.
.
"But there is no special phenomenon, which is also a result, indicating that single element superconductivity probably does not exist." Wang Hao thought.
After completing a stage of the project, he was relatively free and had time to 'move' with others.
The Mason Mathematics Laboratory moved to a newly built building. He and others were busy all day, just packing up his things and moving to the office in the new building.
Afterwards, the Mason Number Laboratory held a special ceremony to celebrate the official opening of the new laboratory building.
After three busy days, the laboratory gradually calmed down, and all the people in the laboratory moved to work in the new building. Then the first internal meeting for the opening of the laboratory was held.
The first meeting was still about development, projects, and work.
All researchers are required to participate.
It was also the first time to use the conference hall. Everyone felt fresh and went in very early to wait.
Zhang Zhiqiang, Qi Xiao, Zheng Yaojun and Luo Dayong get together, and he is the center of several people. "I feel like the lab has officially begun when the laboratory is moved here."
"Today's meeting will discuss projects. If you really want to talk about projects, you still have to rely on me!" Zhang Zhiqiang said, patting his chest. "Professor Qi and I wrote a report together and applied for a Science Foundation project. It is estimated that we can apply for a million
The above expenses.”
"There has been news over there that we are allowed to attend the review meeting."
"To be honest, the laboratory relies on Wang Hao, but I am the one who runs the project before and after it. With this project with a funding of more than one million, there will be no problem at least this year and next year."
"For laboratory projects, you still have to rely on me!"
Qi Xiao and Zheng Yaojun nodded.
Zhang Zhiqiang's work is noticed. Whether it is work in the laboratory or project application issues, he is very active.
Luo Dayong curled his lips vigorously.
Zhu Ping also curled her lips.
They have long been accustomed to Zhang Zhiqiang's tendency to be pushy and show off.
Zhu Ping was invited here by Wang Hao. She is not a researcher at the Mason Mathematics Laboratory. He just invited her to participate in the project and did not know what she was going to do.
At 7:50, Wang Hao arrived.
He did some early exercise, and then went to the restaurant to have breakfast. He came over when it was almost time, but he didn't expect there were so many people in the conference room.
"Is everyone so early?"
Wang Hao was a little surprised. When he saw that everyone had arrived, he started to speak formally, "This is our first meeting, so we don't need to be so formal."
"I'm talking about the new project."
"A project of the foundation?" Zhang Zhiqiang suddenly became energetic.
"no."
Wang Hao gave a negative answer, and then said, "Professor Zhang should follow up on the projects applied for by the foundation."
"good!"
Zhang Zhiqiang immediately straightened his back and felt that he had received great attention.
Wang Hao continued, "I talked about a new project today, and I will contact the Systems Engineering Department of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The funding for this project is about 10 million, and we still need to discuss it with the Systems Engineering Department."
The others immediately cheered up after hearing this.
With a funding of 10 million, it is definitely a super-large project in the field of mathematical computers.
Wang Hao directly assigned the work. He glanced at everyone and said, "Professor Zheng, it is your responsibility to negotiate with the system engineer and connect the project."
"good!"
The last project was handled by Zheng Yaojun.
Wang Hao continued, "Professor Qi, you are responsible for the auxiliary calculation work. This auxiliary calculation is more complicated. You and other people in the laboratory will do this work together."
"No problem." Qi Xiao nodded.
Wang Hao looked at Zhu Ping and said, "Sister Zhu, you do have a job today. With the strength of our laboratory, it is still very difficult to do this project, so you are responsible for the personnel work, and I will give it to you.
A mission.”
"What task?" Zhu Ping suddenly felt excited. She had never participated in such a big project before.
A ten million project!
Even if you do a side job, you can still get a lot of bonuses.
Wang Haodao said, "This is the case. There is a professor named Tian Hong from Capital University who may be interested in coming to work in our laboratory. You are responsible for doing the work for her and try to recruit her to our laboratory..."
"no problem!"
Zhu Ping immediately laughed. She thought it was some kind of difficult job, but she didn't expect it to be poaching?
Is the other party a female professor?
Isn't this just a professional counterpart... Ahem, her face suddenly became very complicated as she thought about it, but she still breathed a sigh of relief in her heart. It's mainly because it's not a professional job.
"Also." Wang Hao said, "You should also pay attention to the School of Science to see if there are any better PhDs in mathematics, such as Sun Jian."
"This time it's mainly math work."
"Leave it to me!" Zhu Ping suddenly realized how important her job was.
Isn’t this the HR Director?
Wang Hao handed over some work and the meeting ended.
Everyone else was talking excitedly about new projects.
Zhang Zhiqiang sat there in a daze, and finally couldn't help but point to himself and asked, "What about me? Where about me?"
Wang Hao asked in confusion, "Aren't you responsible for following up on that million-dollar Science Foundation project?"
"Uh~~"
If you can participate in a million-level project, who would be willing to follow up on a million-level project?
Zhang Zhiqiang didn't know what to say for a moment.
He just looked full of resentment, like an abandoned little daughter-in-law.
…
Wang Hao is not specifically targeting Zhang Zhiqiang, it’s just that Zhang Zhiqiang has no doctoral students under him, and his work experience is definitely not as good as that of Professor Qi Xiao.
In addition, the project is mainly based on mathematics. Zhang Zhiqiang's mathematics level is not very good, so it is difficult to achieve anything in the project.
Therefore, it is most appropriate for Zhang Zhiqiang to be responsible for other projects.
After being assigned the work of the new project, Wang Hao's life became leisurely again, and he also had time to care about his graduate students.
The first is Qiu Hoi An.
Wang Hao was particularly concerned about Qiu Hui'an's research progress and found that Qiu Hui'an's research on Legendre's conjecture could be said to have reached the final stage.
"As long as we take one step further, it will be completed!"
With Wang Hao's mathematical level, he only needs to listen to the content to know the progress.
He is also very satisfied with Qiu Hui'an's progress.
However, even if there is only one step left, there is still a long way to go. Many studies are still short of the last step, that is, they are unable to get past it, or even have to give up in the end.
"If you can take this step by yourself, it will be very meaningful for your personal development and future research." Wang Hao said seriously.
Qiu Hui'an was in high spirits after hearing this, and he was very much looking forward to completing his research.
Later, Wang Hao paid attention to Ding Zhiqiang.
He called Ding Zhiqiang to the office and asked about his recent study progress. Then he was surprised to find that Ding Zhiqiang had taught himself algebraic geometry?
He asked calmly and found that Ding Zhiqiang's learning was still very stable.
Wang Hao's eyes were immediately filled with admiration, and at the same time he couldn't help but feel proud of his own eyes.
Ding Zhiqiang is indeed a genius!
Genius and hard work already have the foundation for success!
the other side.
In the graduate student's workshop, Helen, Chen Mengmeng, Xu Jie and Qiu Hui'an gathered together.
Helen was explaining complex mathematics to the other three people, "Look at these basic data."
"This is the data extracted during the experiment. Let's build a chart based on each piece of data."
She put several charts on the whiteboard, "Through these charts, each parameter is calculated separately..."
She began to calculate.
After completing a series of calculations, he continued, "Look at these values, compare them, and then average them..."
"The final number was 81."
Xu Jie grinned in surprise, "So you analyzed that Ding Zhiqiang's IQ is 81?"
"81, failed, right? Is he a fool?"
Helen said seriously, "This is a passing number and can be evaluated as 'excellent'."
"excellent?"
"Then what do you think I..."
Xu Jie just wanted to point at himself, but then he simply pointed at Qiu Hui'an and asked, "Ding Zhiqiang is only 81, how much is Qiu Hui'an?"
"Above 87."
Helen gave a number with certainty.
"Where is Chen Mengmeng?"
"79."
"Lower than Ding Zhiqiang?" Xu Jie whispered to Chen Mengmeng, "I think Helen is scolding you, but I dare not say it."
Chen Mengmeng rubbed his eyes and felt that between Xu Jie and Helen, he still had to choose Helen.
After all, they are all girls.
But Helen said that her IQ was only 79, which was really annoying. She still asked, "Helen, what is your criterion? What is your own standard?"
"one hundred."
"Only a hundred?"
Helen nodded and said seriously, "One hundred is the highest value. In fact, I have researched a new definition myself. I think the internationally accepted definition of IQ has no meaning. It is just a false measurement method."
"So I gave a new definition method, which is a comparative method."
"In this method, Teacher Wang and I are the comparison objects. Our IQ settings are both at a full value of 100 points."
"..."
"..."
The other three people were stunned when they heard this.
They still felt very weird that Helen defined herself as a hundred, but when they thought that Teacher Wang Hao was only a hundred, and they could reach around eighty, it was indeed not low.
Thinking about it this way makes me feel more comfortable.
Xu Jie also became interested. He pointed at himself and asked, "What about me? Who am I? You mentioned Chen Mengmeng and Qiu Hui'an, but you haven't mentioned me yet?"
"you……?"
Helen propped up her chin and stared at Xu Jie, obviously deep in thought.
After waiting for a long time, she finally said, "This is a problem."
She suddenly walked to her desk, took out a paper from it, handed it to Xu Jie and said, "How about this, let's take the test again?"
Xu Jie wanted to beat someone up.
He took a deep breath and kept chanting "don't be angry", "don't be angry", "don't care about my little girl", "my IQ is also 100".
…
In the relaxed atmosphere of the laboratory, Wang Hao spent a peaceful month.
He only instructs students, takes time to give lectures, occasionally goes to the physics laboratory, and only cares about other people's summary of experiments.
soon.
It was early November, and a 13-page paper was published in the journal Nature Physics. The title of the paper attracted all the attention of the physics community--
"Superconducting Laws and Critical Constants".
"The law of superconductivity?"
"Critical constant?"
Most people outside the physics community were not impressed when they saw the title of the paper, but it was different within the physics community. They realized that it must be a blockbuster research, and immediately looked through the paper, and then saw the first author of the paper.
Xihai University, Physics Laboratory, Wang Hao.
Youngest Fields winner?
After opening the paper, I saw reviewer Charles Kane’s comment on the first page, “This is the greatest progress in the discovery of superconductivity in a century!
It will bring ‘topological physics’ to glory and set off a global upsurge in superconducting research!”
The two comments with exclamation marks attracted the attention of countless physics people, who immediately read the paper, and then they knew why Charles Kane said that.
Superconducting laws, calculate the superconducting critical temperature of elements!
What kind of results is this?
Since the discovery of superconductivity a hundred years ago, research on the theoretical mechanism of superconductivity and research on superconducting application technology have been in a seemingly unrelated state of separation.
From the BCS theory in the 1950s to the superconducting topological phase transition theory in the 1980s, the superconducting theoretical research that won the Nobel Prize in Physics has not been able to provide direct support for superconducting application technology.
Research on superconducting application technology still relies on "experimental testing" rather than relying on basic theoretical research support.
For example, the metal niobium.
The superconducting critical temperature of niobium is 9.25K, reaching the highest critical temperature of elemental metals.
After discovering the high critical temperature of niobium, physicists began to continuously measure compounds containing niobium, and obtained a series of materials with higher critical temperatures.
The entire process was conducted entirely through 'luck' experiments without any theoretical support.
This is the separation of theory and application.
A lot of research has been invested in the theory of superconductivity, but as a result, the development of theory cannot keep up with the application, and research still has to rely on luck. This is also an important reason why it is difficult to make breakthroughs in superconducting technology.
The current ‘law of superconductivity’ directly links theory and application.
Rely on theory to calculate the superconducting critical temperature of elements.
Then we can carry out follow-up research to calculate the critical temperatures of other compounds and organic molecules theoretically, instead of doing experiments by chance, which will provide very strong support for the research of applied technology.
This is the first research linking theory with application, and it is a major breakthrough "from 0 to 1"!
After the new issue of the journal "Nature Physics" was released, the paper was quickly noticed by condensed matter physics teams around the world, and they also invested in research and verification.
They do the same job as paper reviewers.
Calculate according to the method mentioned above, and it is not just a simple calculation, but a quick verification of superconducting elemental metals.
The final conclusion is the same.
Deviation value, within one percent.
The difference is minimal.
This shows that the method mentioned in the research paper is correct, and the deviation is only due to the inaccuracy of the ‘critical constant’, and the determination of the ‘critical constant’ is definitely related to the experiment.
No superconducting team can guarantee accurate determination of the ‘critical constant’.
That requires a huge number of experiments.
After several large teams and institutions confirmed the results, the relevant research soon jumped out of the "academic circle" and was reported on the pages of major technology media.
For a moment, the whole world seemed to be shaking!
I had a severe toothache today, which seriously affected my writing ability. I stayed up for this chapter for six hours... I wanted to have my wisdom teeth removed, but I thought I would have a headache for three days~~~ I forgot about it...
I'm really sorry. My tooth is still hurting now. It's probably pulpitis. It's really, really painful.