The threshold for building a submarine is not low. The first is that the material of the submarine shell must be made of high-strength alloy steel, so that it can withstand the squeeze of strong water pressure and avoid being squeezed and exploded underwater.
However, this is only the first step. With suitable high-strength steel, it is not necessarily possible to make a submarine, because the steel plates produced by steel mills are flat, while the steel plates needed for submarines are curled.
The pressure hull of a submarine is similar to that of a boiler. They are both pressure vessels. As long as you have basic knowledge of engineering mechanics, you will know that a cylinder is the easiest to withstand high pressure. Therefore, whether it is a boiler or a submarine, it needs to be made into a cylinder.
That is to say, the steel plate needs to be rolled into a steel pipe, but the diameter of this steel pipe is super large!
Even if the outside of some submarines does not look round, it is because of the double shell. The outer non-pressure shell has a special shape, but the inner pressure shell is a cylinder.
.
Submarines use high-strength steel. It is very difficult to roll this kind of steel. Moreover, when rolling, it is necessary to control the accuracy.
After all, when rolling a steel plate into a steel pipe, it is impossible to achieve an absolute perfect circle, so there will be an eccentricity. The larger the bending radius, the higher the eccentricity value. This requires an advanced plate rolling machine, not only
Not only does it require high pressure, it also requires high precision!
At present, the rolling machines used in the diesel-electric submarines manufactured by the Mingzhou Group are second-hand goods obtained from Lao Maozi. There is no problem in manufacturing diesel-electric submarines with a displacement of more than 3,000 tons, but it is enough to manufacture nuclear submarines with a displacement of 7,000 to 8,000 tons.
It's very difficult. It will be even more impossible to build strategic nuclear submarines with tens of thousands of tons in the future.
Hearing everyone's concerns, Qin Tao nodded: "Yes, if you want to build a large submarine, you can't do it without a plate bending machine. It was far-sighted that our superiors did not directly approve our 095 submarine plan. After all, it was just a ppt plan at the time.
, the foundation in all aspects is not yet available. By the way, Zhengyang, how is the manufacturing of our plate bending machine going?"
Qin Tao has a lot of things to do every day, and he can't personally handle everything. He just needs to make arrangements.
At the beginning, the large-scale three-dimensional CNC bending machine was manufactured by the Huating Second Water Pump Factory, a subsidiary of the Mingzhou Group, in charge of hardware manufacturing, and a team led by Professor Hu from Huating University was responsible for the CNC equipment. It was made through a joint factory-school approach.
After the plate bending machine was built, Qin Tao gave them a more difficult task: manufacturing a plate bending machine, and it was a large plate bending machine that could manufacture a 10,000-ton nuclear submarine!
Qin Tao does not know the specific progress of these projects, but as his secretary, Xu Zhengyang must know all this.
"Mr. Qin, the research and development of the machine has been completed and it has entered the equipment assembly process. It is expected to be delivered to our Mingzhou Shipyard by the end of this year." Xu Zhengyang said: "According to the design specifications, this is an eight-thousand-ton three-roller
The plate rolling machine can roll steel plates with a maximum yield of 1,200 MPa and a maximum diameter of 13.5 meters."
(After checking the information, it is said that the yield strength of the steel used in our submarines is over 2,000 MPa. Personally, I feel that this is a big boast. A steel plate of 1,000 MPa can dive to a depth of 600 meters, which is enough.
It seems that the depth of Western submarines is generally three to four hundred meters. So we set it at 1,200 MPa.)
The pressure of 8,000 tons is definitely the best in the world! It can press a steel plate of 1,000 MPa and can also be rolled into a diameter of 13.5 meters!
Isn’t this too awesome?
Everyone was professional and immediately realized what these data represented.
"It's amazing. Even if we build a submarine with a displacement of 20,000 tons in the future, we won't need a turtle's back!" Mr. Huang spoke first.
"Yes, the Swedes are still holding our necks, saying that without the plate bending machines they manufacture, our submarine industry cannot progress. Now we will let them down!" Li Baotian was very excited.
"That's right, now we have all the conditions, and we don't have to worry about nuclear reactors. By then, we will at most install two 150-megawatt nuclear reactors. Now, our strategic nuclear submarines will be truly mature!"
The diameter that can be rolled is of great significance. It directly determines the size of the submarine that can be made!
At present, domestic pressure hulls of about eight meters can only be rolled, so the displacement of the 091 and 093 submarines is only five to six thousand tons. Although the displacement of the 092 ballistic missile nuclear submarine is large, it is because of the extra turtle back, and the pressure hull is still so small.
big.
Lao Maozi can only roll a nine-meter-diameter pressure hull, so the displacement of their submarine is subject to the same restrictions. However, what is going on with the Typhoon class?
Of course, Lao Maozi innovatively used two nine-meter-diameter pressure hulls juxtaposed. Although the submarine was huge, there was actually a serious waste of space inside.
The diameter of the pressure hull of the largest Ohio-class nuclear submarine in the United States is only 12.9 meters. This is rolled out by the world's largest plate rolling machine owned by Sweden. Now, if the country has a 13.5-meter diameter plate rolling machine, it will be enough.
It can properly build a strategic nuclear submarine with a displacement of 20,000 tons!
"Yes, if combined with the new Julang-2, it will allow us to have a real submarine-launched nuclear power!" Wu Shengli also became excited: "Taozi, after returning this time, you must not only continue
To refine the design of the 095 submarine, we will also need to design a brand new ballistic missile nuclear submarine!"
At the beginning, the first domestic solid ballistic missile was the Julang-1. This missile took a long time to develop, but its performance was not advanced enough. It was just a medium-range missile with a range of two thousand kilometers. According to
The development of the navy means that it can protect the 092 nuclear submarine on combat readiness duty in the South China Sea. This kind of range can only reach some nearby bases, not even the middle line of the Pacific Ocean.
Therefore, Julang-1 only solves the problem of whether or not, and will definitely continue to develop.
What’s next?
There is still a lot of controversy in the country.
The Julang-1 first landed and became the land-based Dongfeng-21. Then based on this mobile missile, the Dongfeng-31 was developed. The follow-up Dongfeng-41 is also planned. Through these missile projects
, China has a huge family of solid mobile missiles.
Next, it is time to continue to develop advanced submarine-launched missiles based on these technologies!
The Julang-2 missile is actually very different from the Dongfeng-31. It can even be said to be newly developed. However, after all, this missile uses a lot of land-based missile technology.
Qin Tao was also thinking quickly.
If we follow the data of later generations, the length of the Julang-2 missile will reach 14 meters. In this case, the maximum 13.5-meter pressure-resistant compartment of the submarine still cannot accommodate this missile. However, we are building a double-hulled submarine.
!
Outside the 13.5-meter-diameter pressure-resistant shell, a layer of non-pressure-resistant shell must be wrapped, so that the diameter properly exceeds 14 meters, and may even exceed 15 meters.
In this way, the Julang-2 missile does not need to be exposed to the outside.
Even in the future, after the Julang-3 missile with a range of 12,000 kilometers is developed and slightly modified, it can be stuffed into the belly of this strategic nuclear submarine.
When thinking of this, Qin Tao also became excited: "Dad, if we want to design a new ballistic missile nuclear submarine, we need to communicate with the developers of the Julang-2 missile. We don't need confidential information, we just
All we need are the relevant parameters of the missile, which will facilitate our submarine design. Although the 095 has not yet been built, we are now fully able to design a brand new strategic nuclear submarine."
Wu Shengli nodded: "Well, it's time for a joint discussion. I will make arrangements for you when we get back."
Qin Tao looked at Mr. Peng, Mr. Huang and others present, and thought: "Mr. Peng, Mr. Huang, you are all people who have dedicated your life to the motherland's nuclear submarine technology. Now you are in your sixties, but you are still working.
On the front line, I have a merciless request."
"Mr. Qin, if you have anything to say, just say it." Mr. Peng and Mr. Huang seemed to have guessed something, their eyes full of excitement.
"I would like to invite two people to join our Mingzhou Group's Third Design Office as special technical consultants."
"Invite us? Doesn't your Mingzhou Group's Third Design Office also have experienced designers? That Kwasa is very powerful, and his ability is no worse than ours. Besides, we are also old." Mr. Peng said.
"Both of you, let me make it clear. Our Mingzhou Group is involved in the construction of nuclear submarines for the first time. We need to contact many domestic factories, especially a large part of which we are not familiar with before. Therefore, I ask you to be the
As a technical consultant, I actually intend to use the names of these two people." Qin Tao said it very sincerely.
However, the two of them didn't buy it.
"Mr. Qin, now you still need others to stand behind you? Your Mingzhou Group is a loud sign. You want to cooperate with others. It is their blessing. They rush here and they can't ask for it. How can you hold on to your seniority?
Attitude, creating obstacles for you?" Mr. Peng said.
There was also a smile on Mr. Huang's face: "Mr. Qin, you are afraid that you will embarrass both of us by telling your true purpose. What's the point? We can understand your painstaking efforts. You saw that the two of us are working hard on the nuclear submarine business.
I have been busy all my life. Although I can no longer play the leading role, I still want to be involved in this industry. Your Mingzhou Group is not a state-owned enterprise and it is not convenient for us to go there. Therefore, we are specially invited to be consultants. We don’t have to do anything. We just need to go out every day.
Just take a look and you'll be satisfied, right?"
"Yes, Mr. Qin, even if you don't invite us, we will shamelessly come over when the time comes." Mr. Peng said: "We are seeing that your Mingzhou Group is going to build the most advanced nuclear submarine. How can we not go over and join in?
Lively? Mr. Qin, you are too worried, Leader Wu, you have a good son-in-law!"
Wu Shengli smiled all over his face: "Of course, it's settled. When construction starts on 095 next year, you will go to Mingzhou to stay!"
Qin Tao originally thought that it was just a suggestion and that the follow-up might take a long time, but he did not expect that on the third day after returning from inspecting the 093 submarine, he would be called to attend a meeting on the aerospace system!
The most excited person is of course Kvasa. As a designer of nuclear submarines, he is very much looking forward to his nuclear submarine design drawings becoming a reality. He has been waiting and perfecting them.
Now, the construction of the 095 submarine has finally been put on the agenda, and they will also design a new strategic missile nuclear submarine!
The first generation of strategic missile nuclear submarines are basically improved from attack nuclear submarines.
For example, the Washington-class nuclear missile submarine in the United States was designed on the basis of the "Bonito" class attack nuclear submarine. Lao Maozi's Type 658 nuclear missile submarine was also developed from the Type 627 attack nuclear submarine and the Type 629 submarine. As for domestic more advanced nuclear submarines,
That’s it. The Type 092 guided missile nuclear submarine was developed on the basis of the Type 091, and the Type 094 was developed on the basis of the Type 093. They are almost all inherited.
Now that the 095 nuclear submarine is about to start construction, it is natural to design a ballistic missile nuclear submarine based on it.
However, this is a ballistic missile nuclear submarine after all, a powerful weapon for a great power. Therefore, Kvasa also attaches great importance to this project, which means that he has finally been recognized by the East!
"Kvasa, our main mission this time was to listen to the newly developed ballistic missile data and prepare for the development of our nuclear submarine. Ballistic missiles are very confidential. For us, we don't ask questions that we shouldn't ask.
Ask." Qin Tao said to Kvasa as he walked.
"Yes, I know." Kvasa nodded: "We mainly listen to various data and then improve our submarine design. Mr. Qin, can we really design a nuclear submarine with a displacement of 20,000 tons?"
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! No submarine designer can refuse this temptation: design a larger nuclear submarine!
The Typhoon class has become a thing of the past and will never appear in the future. For the East, a nuclear submarine with a displacement of 20,000 tons is already a giant.
"It's not necessarily 20,000 tons, it may be 16,000 or 17,000 tons. After all, we need to consider the data of ballistic missiles." Qin Tao said.
Kvasa nodded, and the two of them had arrived at the door of the conference room. When they opened the door, there was a whole new world inside.
This is an oval table-shaped conference room, surrounded by more than a dozen people. Mr. Peng and Mr. Huang are among them, as well as several people in military uniforms, who must be military representatives.
When they saw Qin Tao coming in, everyone greeted him with smiles. Mr. Peng said, "Mr. Qin, you are finally here. I will be waiting for you."
"Didn't you say there would be a meeting at nine o'clock? Didn't you guys have one first?"
Everyone's expressions were a little awkward, but fortunately Qin Tao did not pursue it further, but changed the subject: "Come on, let me introduce, the person next to me is Mr. Kwasha, the chief designer of our third design office of Mingzhou Group. He is here.
He has profound knowledge in the design of nuclear submarines, and he will be our chief designer for the brand-new strategic nuclear submarine to be built this time."
"Yes, we have met Mr. Kvasa a long time ago. When we first bid, the 095 submarine design was very good." Mr. Huang said: "Next, please give us your valuable opinions. Now, let us ask Julang
Lao Yang, the chief designer of -2, would like to give you a brief introduction."
Mr. Yang coughed and began to introduce: "First of all, let me introduce to you our Julang-2 missile project."
If you just talk about a few data, you will be done in a few minutes. Since you have a meeting, you have to delay it for a while, so Mr. Yang started talking from the beginning.
The time can be traced back to 1976, when superiors had already approved the development of the Julang-2 missile. You know, even the Julang-1 had not been developed at that time. It can be seen that the superior leaders knew that the Julang-1 was only a solution to the problem.
Is there any problem.
"It's just that at that time, we were always struggling with the indicators of submarine-launched medium-range missiles and submarine-launched long-range missiles. In this way, the plan was demonstrated in 1986. Our First, Second, and Fourth Aerospace Institutes jointly demonstrated the overall solid long-range strategic missile plan and decided to
The development of land-based long-range missiles and sea-based long-range missiles follows the guiding ideology of first land and then sea, taking into account both land and sea, and having universal technology. The missile has a diameter of 2 meters, uses a three-stage solid rocket motor, and has a maximum range of 8,000 kilometers."
"So, our Julang-2 missile and Dongfeng-31 projects are actually parallel?" Qin Tao asked curiously.
Qin Tao was a shipbuilder in his previous life, but his main business was building aircraft carriers. He didn’t know much about the navy’s nuclear submarines. He only knew that the 094 nuclear submarine was equipped with Julang-2 missiles and the 096 nuclear submarine was equipped with Julang-3 missiles. As for these missiles
I don’t know the specific performance and origin.
"Yes, these two projects are parallel. It was no problem to say that the huge waves came ashore, but if you say that the east wind went to the sea, it was just layman's talk." Mr. Yang continued: "These two missiles are under development.
At that time, large diameter, basic type, and serialization were required. Therefore, unlike the 1.4-meter diameter of the Julang-1 missile, our Julang-2 used a 2-meter-diameter solid rocket motor during design.
"
The larger the diameter of the missile, the more fuel is stored, which naturally leads to a longer range. However, it also means greater technical difficulty. Therefore, going from a diameter of 1.4 meters to a diameter of 2 meters is a huge leap.
"If the diameter of our submarine is enlarged to more than ten meters, there is no problem in placing two missiles horizontally." Kvasa began to infer based on these data: "If the diameter is enlarged to thirteen meters, it will be more generous."
"Yes, a missile with this diameter requires a larger nuclear submarine. Our current 092 nuclear submarine will definitely not be able to accommodate it." Mr. Yang continued to introduce: "I went on to talk about the technology of this missile, with a diameter ranging from 1.4 meters to
2 meters is not easy, and it will inevitably face a series of problems. Therefore, in 1979, our second-generation large solid-state engine began to be pre-researched. By 1983, the four-meter-diameter large-scale solid engine was
The engines fg-06 and fg-07 have completed ground hot tests successively and achieved complete success. This has laid a solid technical foundation for the establishment of our second-generation solid strategic missile project. After demonstration, we have initially decided on the first-stage and
The second stage uses a two-meter diameter engine, and the second stage uses the basic design of a one-meter diameter engine."
For any missile, it must first have an engine before it can continue to be developed. Without an engine, it is impossible to fly.
At this time, after hearing Mr. Yang's introduction, Qin Tao suddenly thought of something: "Mr. Yang, can these solid rocket motor technologies be used for civilian use?"
Why did a good technical coordination meeting suddenly change its direction? Everyone became curious, what did Mr. Huang think of: "Mr. Qin, are you planning to obtain technology for Starship Company?"
The emergence of Starship Company has put a lot of pressure on the domestic aerospace sector. Now, Qin Tao is not satisfied yet and actually demands solid rocket technology? Does this still give us a way to survive? Everyone's eyes are very complicated.
.
Qin Tao shook his head: "Of course not. The ultimate goal of our Starship Company is to fly to Mars. Solid rockets are not enough. However, in modern aerospace operations, solid rocket technology is very important. It gives us
The ability to launch quickly.”
The original ballistic missiles were all liquid. After all, this technology is more mature. However, liquid ballistic missiles need to be filled with fuel before launching. They move slowly and cannot be launched quickly. Therefore, with the development of technology, ballistic missile technology
Then we started to turn to solid missiles, which had solid fuel installed in advance and could be propped up and launched at any time when needed.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Generally, there is no timeliness requirement for launching carrier rockets, so liquid rockets are used. However, various major aerospace countries have also begun to develop solid rockets. Quickly
Launching and repairing the network are its most important functions.
Especially during wartime, a large number of reconnaissance satellites need to be launched as soon as possible, and solid rockets are obviously faster. Small civilian satellites can also be launched easily and cost-effectively with solid rockets.
At this time, everyone started thinking after hearing what Qin Tao said.
"Now that our space agency has advanced solid rocket technology, it can also be used for civilian use. In this way, in addition to developing military industry, you can also make money in the field of civilian space launches."
"That's right, Mr. Qin said it very well. Next, we will conduct a demonstration of the plan." Yang Gong said: "We can't just rely on funding from superiors, we also have to create economic benefits."
Everyone nodded.
"Sorry, I seem to have changed the subject. Let's continue."
"Well, Mr. Qin, let me continue to report that after we used the three-stage rocket, the length of the missile reached more than 13 meters, which is much larger than our previous Julang-1. Therefore, its water discharge technology is more complicated. We are trying to
In order to make it better take into account the different needs of underwater and atmosphere, we plan to use double fairings on the head and tail fairing in the water. In this way, the missile will become an ideal drop-shaped underwater. After it comes out of the water, it will throw away the water.
The fairing will become the most suitable conical fairing for the missile."
When he heard this, Kvasa frowned.
"Kvasa, what's wrong?" Qin Tao looked curiously at this old man, the most famous submarine designer.
"Qin, when you came here, you said we could just listen, but now I want to remind you a few words," Kvasa said.
That’s what it’s for!
Qin Tao smiled and nodded: "Of course, no problem. You can absolutely say what you want to say. We are democratic, and you can raise your opinions if you have any."
Kvasa was finally relieved: "Everyone, the biggest flaw of this design method is that the technology is too complicated. Our R-39 submarine-launched ballistic missile has used this technology, but because it is too complicated, it often occurs