Seven hundred and fortieth eight chapters lead the snake out of the hole
When Fang Xuanling heard this, she secretly sighed in her heart, she was thinking about her son...
He quickly reported back: "Your Majesty, I haven't gone to my post yet."
His Majesty Li Er said angrily: "You are so young, why has your injury not healed after such a long time? I remember that when I kicked him yesterday, he moved very dexterously. How come I didn't see any injuries on him?"
You go home and ask him to take up my post as soon as possible. Also, he must pay attention to his duties in the Water Department of the Ministry of Industry. At such a young age, if you don’t think about sharing my worries, how can you be idle all day long?"
You, mother, have forced me into such a state of embarrassment, yet you are at home enjoying yourself. How can there be any sense in this?
Before Fang Xuanling could reply, he heard Changsun Wuji smile bitterly: "Doing nothing? Your Majesty may have wronged that boy. According to the second son of my family, Fang Erlang led the family's craftsmen to improve a set of iron smelting methods, which not only improved the
While the output is greatly reduced, the cost is also greatly improved. The quality of this fine iron is also greatly improved. I am afraid that it won’t be long before all my little family wealth will be robbed by Fang Erlang..."
It started from the "officials, mountains and seas" policy proposed by Guan Zhong of the Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period to control the benefits of mountains and rivers, that is, to implement a monopoly on salt and iron. In ancient times, the main products of mountains and seas were salt and iron. The government had a monopoly on management, and taxes were included in the price.
This makes it impossible for the people to avoid taxation, but also does not feel the taxation.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the monopoly on salt and iron was abolished and a taxation system was implemented. The Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty focused on exclusive purchases, and the taxation system was revived during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From the Sui Dynasty to the present, because the national finances are still good, the special tax on salt has been abolished and the market tax is collected like other commodities.
Only the iron smelting industry collects special taxes, but it is still not a monopoly and is allowed to be smelted and sold by private merchants.
The largest iron merchant in the Tang Dynasty was the Changsun family.
And now, Changsun Wuji is actually afraid that Fang Jun will turn him into a prostitute?
Ma Zhou was surprised and said: "Is this really true?"
Changsun Wuji said displeased: "How can I still lie? Although the details are unknown, it is an indisputable fact that Fang Erlang developed a new method of smelting iron."
Li Daozong had always been on good terms with Fang Xuanling, and once the gloom in his heart cleared, his favorable impression of Fang Jun increased sharply, and he said to Changsun Wuji: "Even so, Duke Zhao is a bit exaggerated. The iron of the Changsun family is strong
Factories are spread all over the country. No matter how hard Nafang Erlang works, it is just a small fight. How can it pose a threat to the Changsun family? "
He has always been dissatisfied with Changsun Wuji, a sinister and sinister guy. He smiles when he meets him and stabs him in the back. This is the kind of person he talks about... Moreover, he was severely punished by His Majesty Li Er for embezzlement and almost lost his title. Now he can't
Bu Mao is doing nothing at home, but His Majesty Li Er's brother-in-law controls the largest iron factory in the country, making money secretly and openly.
It’s true that he is an elder brother-in-law, and I am also a cousin. Why is there such a big gap?
It's just that today he annoyed His Majesty Li Er first, so he didn't dare to be too presumptuous, so he could only make such a painless ridicule.
Changsun Wuji glanced at Li Daozong, curled his lips, and said nothing. He never looked down upon such a rude person...
His Majesty Li Er also felt a little harsh on Li Daozong, but the censor made too much trouble at that time, so he had to punish Li Daozong. And he also knew that behind these censors, there were inevitably those Shandong gentry or Jiangnan nobles who fanned the flames in order to weaken them.
The power of the Li royal family.
Now that times have changed, it's time to give Li Daozong some compensation.
People work hard for you to make a little money, what big deal is that?
Thinking of this, His Majesty Li Er said: "Chengfan, will you be reinstated in a few days?"
Li Daozong was overjoyed. Unexpectedly, he came to Tai Chi Palace and was blessed with double happiness. He quickly stood up and gave thanks...
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Dozens of servants and guests of the Fang family gathered at the back of the farm.
Under Fang Jun's personal auspices, a blast furnace with a wide belly, gradually narrowing neck, and a vase-like appearance was erected on the foundation of a sedimentary rock platform beside the stream in the mountains.
The construction of blast furnaces is not complicated. The "Great Leap Forward" in the late 1950s called on people across the country to make steel. Even some primary school students, villagers in the production team, and grocery store salesmen formed iron-making groups to build blast furnaces to make steel.
Ironmaking.
Fang Jun had never seen a real iron-making furnace, but his knowledge was enough for him to speculate backwards from the principles and build an iron-making furnace that was completely scientific.
This first blast furnace in the history of the Tang Dynasty was four feet and five feet high, with a blast furnace volume of about 15 cubic meters - larger than any iron-making furnace in this era. However, in the 21st century, domestic furnaces with less than 200 cubic meters
Blast furnaces must be forced to shut down, and the Japanese country is even using a 5,000 cubic meter blast furnace...
Graphite is not a rare thing. There is plenty of it in the Fang family's mine, but people in this era don't understand its use. This thing is definitely the best refractory material.
In fact, if you just build a small blast furnace for iron-making, it will not be a big problem to build it directly with clay or with red bricks. The key is that Fang Jun hopes to extend its service life, so he uses modern smelting materials in the blast furnace lining.
High-grade refractory materials used only in steel furnaces.
The blower is a big problem.
Without a blower to provide sufficient oxygen to assist combustion, it would be difficult for the furnace temperature to achieve the purpose of making iron, let alone steel...
Modern blast furnaces all have special fans with powerful horsepower, but in the Tang Dynasty, bellows were still used. The bellows in this era were more like an accordion, with wooden boards above and below, surrounded by folded leather, and they were stepped on to blow the air when used.
The leather of this kind of bellows will age after being used for a long time and must be eliminated.
The principle of the bellows is very simple, just like the "yangjing" in the countryside. Fang Jun directed Liu Laoshi and his son to make a new type of bellows, a large wooden box with a valve, powered by a waterwheel, and an eccentric wheel was used to convert the rotational motion into
into a reciprocating motion.
The entire blast furnace is equipped with four air boxes and four air ducts, and two spare air boxes are made to prevent accidents.
The last section of the air inlet duct before entering the furnace is together. There is a fire pool isolated from the air inlet duct below, which contains coal. The air is preheated to a certain extent before entering the furnace.
Don’t underestimate this step, air preheating. This is the most critical step in improving ironmaking efficiency in modern steel production. It seems inconspicuous, but it can directly increase the furnace temperature by two to three hundred degrees! At least before the end of the Ming Dynasty, the whole world
None of them have mastered this technology.
In addition to the huge furnace body, solid wood is used to build an independent maintenance tower with support points on the ground.
In addition, the chute, pulley and pulley block form the furnace top loading system.
The molten iron produced in the blast furnace is pig iron with high carbon content and many impurities, but it can be used to cast large iron parts, such as iron anchors. Therefore, a trench is connected outside the tap hole, which is usually closed and can be closed if necessary.
Just open it, and the red-hot molten iron is poured directly into the mold to cast large iron parts.
A large iron-frying furnace was built next to the blast furnace, which is actually a reflection-type mixing furnace.
The shape of this fried iron stove is a bit like a Kung Fu tea cup. It is a reverberatory furnace with flame and iron isolation. It is built entirely with refractory bricks. The bottom of the hearth is recessed in the middle, surrounded by arched furnace walls, and the lower part is the combustion chamber where the air enters.
The channel is at the bottom of the combustion chamber.
Its structure can be seen as three floors. The third and second floors are isolated from each other. There are multiple flippable iron fences between the first and second floors. When in use, the molten iron flows from the blast furnace to the third floor, and the coal on the second floor lies on the iron fence.
Burning on the fence heats the molten iron upstairs. After the coal is burned, flip over the iron fence, and the charcoal slag will fall into the slag removal room on the first floor. When the iron fence is laid flat, you can approach it from the 45-degree coal inlet that is inclined downwards.
Add coal above.
It is also a hydraulic blast, but unlike the blast furnace, it also has a tall chimney built on the side.
The method of frying steel has been recorded a long time ago. The specific age of its birth is unknown. In the past, iron rods were used to stir the carbon in the pig iron to burn and remove it, so that the carbon content reached the composition requirements of wrought iron. This is wrought iron.
Iron can be forged into various utensils.
You can even get steels of different qualities, but because you can't precisely control the content of each element, the quality of the steel depends on luck. If you want to get enough steel to forge swords, it's like a lottery-like probability...
But this is not difficult for Fang Jun.
He has never made steel, but he understands the principles. As long as he knows that steel is between pig iron and wrought iron, that is enough.