Over the past year, Bai Ye has never been willing to use it, but today, Bai Ye decided to take it out.
Selecting [Zoom], the bacteria on the slide in front of him began to be magnified crazily. The nbod-31 bacteria, which could not be seen clearly even under an electron microscope, now appeared very huge. Suddenly, Bai Ye seemed to be in a huge
Inside the strange biosphere.
These squirming bacteria in front of you are the mainstream organisms in this world. They are constantly moving and transporting crazily in the petri dish.
Bai Ye first observed the cell wall of the nbod colony, which is a magical cell wall composed of glycogen. This cell wall can even block high temperatures of more than 80 degrees Celsius, keeping him safe and sound.
This is how he survives.
After Bai Ye compared them, he found that there was no difference in the cell walls.
Subsequently, Baiye made the entire cell wall transparent.
The cell membrane began to appear. The cell membrane was no different. It was as beautiful as ever, or it looked like a honeycomb, with a large number of carrier proteins engraved on it, allowing those cells to selectively secrete some substances to the outside of the bacteria.
As time passed by, Bai Ye suddenly felt that all this seemed very charming.
Of course, that's assuming you don't have trypophobia.
The cell membrane remains transparent!
Bai Ye carefully took screenshots at every step. He was reluctant to let this only [deep scan] go to waste. If nothing was gained, he could still stay and study this bacteria.
Research on plasmids, plasmids that can transcribe bacterial genetic factors in cells contain more than 130 genes.
All this was invisible in front of Bai Ye.
Plasmid comparison... consistent!
The plasmid gene sequence...is consistent!
Quasi-nuclear comparison... consistent!
Comparison of genetic genes in the pseudonuclear... consistent!
What is the problem?
Is there any difference between them before and after?
At this moment, Bai Ye used [an inspiration]!
At the moment when an idea struck, the countless pictures that had just appeared in Bai Ye's mind began to reorganize. These large numbers of pictures and photos were even quickly connected, looking for a breakthrough!
Bai Ye's mind was like a super computer!
Suddenly, Bai Ye's eyes lit up. He discovered the difference. Although it was very subtle, he finally found it!
Unexpectedly, really unexpectedly, there is a very hidden ribosome on the cell membrane of this bacterial group!
Unexpectedly, this bacterium actually has two ribosomes!
This was somewhat beyond Bai Ye's imagination.
There is only one ribosome in the normal nbod-31 bacterial colony, but this mutated bacterial colony actually has a special property hidden under the cell membrane, or even in the "honeycomb"-like substance hidden on the cell membrane.
Ribosomes!
This is where the variation lies!
What's the difference?
Bai Ye vaguely felt that this should be the mutation, and it should be closely related to the occurrence of intestinal cancer.
What on earth is it!
The structure of the ribosome is significantly different from that of other organelles. It is not membrane-coated and consists of two subunits. Because its function requires it to be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free from the cytoplasm, the ribosome is sometimes not considered a type of organelle.
It is an intracellular macromolecule.
So at the beginning, Bai Ye easily thought it was a substance on the cell membrane.
Ribosomes are responsible for completing the process from RNA to protein in the "Central Dogma" in the cell. This process is called "translation" in biology.
Before translation, the small ribosome subunit will first combine with the messenger RNA transcribed from the nucleus, and then combine with the large ribosome subunit to form a complete ribosome, which can use the transfer RNA in the cytoplasmic matrix to transport amino acid molecules.
Synthetic peptides.
When the ribosome completes translation of a single strand of mRNA, the large and small subunits separate again.
Therefore, its only function is to synthesize amino acids into protein polypeptide chains according to the instructions of mRNA, so the ribosome is the molecular machine for protein synthesis in the cell.
Anyone who has studied high school biology knows that this is the so-called protein processing factory.
Because bacteria do not have mitochondria, they only have ribosomes as a secondary processing plant.
With transparent ribosomes, Bai Ye finally saw the mutation.
At this time, Bai Ye happened to see the "pseudo-ribosome" processing plant forming a polypeptide chain and forming a protein... This is a new substance.
What is this substance?
What effect does it have?
This has become a major factor and breakthrough point in the breakthrough of bowel cancer.
However, this substance is not secreted, but adheres to the cell wall, as if adding a new kind of weapon to the cell wall, which seems to be able to retreat, defend or attack.
Although it looks no different from the original nbod-31 and is almost identical, if you study it carefully, you can still find differences.
Mainly due to the difference in chemical structure!
The functions of bacterial cell walls include: maintaining cell shape and improving mechanical strength; inhibiting mechanical and osmotic damage (the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria can withstand a pressure of 20kg/cm2), mediating cell-cell interactions (invading the host); preventing large
Molecular invasion; assists in cell movement and growth, division and flagellar movement.
The cell wall thickness varies from bacteria to bacteria, but is generally 15-30nm.
The main component is peptidoglycan, which consists of a disaccharide unit composed of n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid, connected by -1,4 glycosidic bonds into a macromolecule. The n-acetylmuramic acid molecule has a tetrapeptide side
Chains, short peptides between adjacent polysaccharide fibers are connected through peptide bridges (Gram-positive bacteria) or peptide bonds (Gram-negative bacteria) to form peptidoglycan sheets, which are bonded together like plywood.
Multiple layers.
This combination of multiple layers allows the cell wall to have more functions.
And this new material forms a new layer on the surface of the cell wall. This layer is very unusual!
Although it is only this layer, it is because of this simple layer that major mutations have occurred in this flora.
Became two different substances!
【Deep scan ends!】
Bai Ye closed his eyes. This time, he gained a lot!
The next step is to extract these cell walls and then conduct experiments in animals to study whether there are any differences.
The isolated cell walls were readily available, so Bai Ye directly arranged for the experimental group to conduct the experiment. This time, Bai Ye was not acting alone.
Unexpectedly, a week later, a report came from the experimental team!
This cell wall can directly act on intestinal epithelial cells to form cancer cells.
Bai Ye's eyes suddenly lit up!
The answer is found!
I finally found you, the culprit who has been confused for a long time. It turns out you are hiding here.