After the outbreak of Ottoman Turkey, this attracted the attention of all surrounding countries. Because Ottoman Turkey still has a good territory in Europe, they all hope to carve up a piece of fat in Turkey.
In Vienna, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Turkish bourgeois revolution also aroused discussions between Franz Joseph and important ministers.
"The revolution that broke out in the Young Turks is an opportunity for us now. We prepared this plan last year. Now as long as we coordinate the various countries, I believe they (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are very willing to join the empire." Alois
Foreign Minister Ellenthal issued his own suggestions.
Prime Minister Alois Ehrenthal also spoke about Russian news. "Russian Foreign Minister Alexander Isvolsky, the day before the outbreak of the Turkish Revolution, proposed to discuss the mutual changes of the 1878 Berlin Treaty.
, let us support Russia’s demand for Constantinople in exchange for our annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Novi Pazar.”
"These Russians have just healed their wounds and are interested in Constantinople again. Aren't they afraid of another Russo-Japanese war?" Chief of General Staff Conrad said with a smile.
"These Russians are so greedy. They have been thinking about Constantinople for more than a hundred years. Has Britain acquiesced to them?" Another important minister expressed his doubts.
"This is impossible. The British will not allow this polar bear to have territory in the Mediterranean until the last moment. Moreover, Constantinople is so important to Russia that other countries will not agree even if we agree."
Foreign Minister S. Ellenthal refuted the important minister's remarks.
As for the current Austria-Hungary, the Italian War of Independence in 1859 caused it to lose all non-Austrian historical territories in Italy. The Austro-Prussian War in 1866 excluded it from the German Confederation, and it was already bordering Russia to the east.
, Austria-Hungary could only seek a breakthrough in the Balkans.
In the mid-1870s, a series of riots against Ottoman rule occurred in the Balkans, and the Turks also adopted a violent and repressive attitude. Russian Czar Alexander II hoped to intervene in the Ottoman Empire and sought an agreement with the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
In the Budapest Convention of 1877, the two countries agreed that Russia would annex Bessarabia and that Austria-Hungary would show benevolent neutrality toward Russia in the war with Turkey. As compensation for this support, Russia agreed that Austria-Hungary would
Annex Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Shortly thereafter, the Russians declared war, and after some setbacks, the Turks were ruthlessly pushed back within a few miles of Istanbul. What prevented the Russians from driving the Turks completely out of Europe was the willingness of other great powers, notably Britain and Austria-Hungary, to
Implementing an earlier treaty, the London Strait Convention of 1841, which stipulated that the Strait of Constantinople would be closed to warships in time of war. This had the effect of containing the Russian fleet in the Black Sea, but if the Russian army
Controlling the strait by land would be worthless.
After the victory in the war, the Russians immediately imposed the "Treaty of San Stefano" on the Ottomans, partly in violation of the commitments of the "Budapest Convention", and announced that Bosnia and Herzegovina would be jointly occupied by Russian and Austrian troops.
The Treaty of San Stefano was overturned by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Under Article 29, Austria-Hungary received special rights in the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Novi Pazar. Article 25 stated: "
The province of Bosnia and Herzegovina was to be occupied and administered by the Austro-Hungarian Empire," and continued: "Austro-Hungary retained the right to maintain garrisons and to have military and trade roads throughout the region.
Montenegro's separation from Serbia prevented a geographical and political union of the two countries, which often worked closely together. Austria's occupation of Sandjak was also important because it provided a staging area for Austria-Hungary and possible future expansion into Austria.
Tommen controlled the Macedonian Aegean Sea port of Salonika. Bosnians were already divided religiously between Bosnians, Catholics and Orthodox Christians.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire exercised its right to resolutely control Bosnia and Herzegovina, and jointly occupied Sanjak in Novi Pazar with the Ottoman Empire. The "Berlin Treaty" allowed Austria to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina alone, but did not specify the final disposition of the provinces. But in name
It still belongs to the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary has long wanted to turn its administration into its own territory.
But the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina would cause conflicts between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. In 1903, a Serbian coup introduced a new pro-Russian Karadiresevic dynasty and transferred political power to elements that were widely concerned about extending to Bosnia. These Serbs
Sanjak wanted to take over Novi Pazar and Bosnia-Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary. Relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary gradually deteriorated.
However, Russia's military humiliation in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 and the ensuing internal unrest greatly reduced its ability to support Serbia. Last year, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Alois Ehrenthal began formulating plans to annex the country through annexation.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, consolidating Austria-Hungary's position over Serbia.
Now Austria-Hungary is trying to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina, which has aroused dissatisfaction in Serbia, because Austria-Hungary did not agree to give Serbia, Novi Pazar and Sanjak areas at all.
In Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, King Peter Karageovich summoned his ministers to discuss this matter, which was very unfavorable to the kingdom.
"Vienna does not agree to our request." The foreign minister said these unpleasant words.
"We Serbs live in those two places, and these Austrians ignore our requests too much." General Putnik, the military representative, expressed his feelings.
"Yes, the Austrians must face up to our reasonable demands." Colonel Dragutin, another intelligence chief, also agreed with the military's words.
"It would be better to seek help from Russia," said a solemn minister.
"Russia has not yet recovered from the wounds of the last (Russian-Japanese) war. Will it help us? Moreover, the Russians also have their own interests, and we may not be afraid of the Austrians." Dragutin expressed his suggestion.
After intense discussions, Serbia made a decision. If Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina and could not give Novi Pazar and Sanjak to Serbia, then Serbia would mobilize its army to express its determination.
