In 1908, at the intersection of Asia and Europe, the people of Ottoman Turkey under the rule of Abdul Hamid II became increasingly dissatisfied with the Sultan's mediocre intelligence and inability to lead Ottoman Turkey out of its predicament. This sentiment supported a
A group called the Young Turks grew.
The Young Turks were founded in Istanbul in 1894. The original leader was Ahmed Lisa. In May 1889, four medical school students in the capital established an anti-authoritarian group, named the Ottoman League, and later changed its name.
For the Alliance Progress Committee, Europeans called it the "Young Turk Party". Soon, many young students, military officers, intellectuals and foreign exiles joined the party. It represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and liberal landowners and advocated maintaining the Ottoman Empire.
territorial integrity, opposed the autocratic system, and demanded the restoration of the 1876 Constitution.
On the night of July 2, 1908, Major Niazibey, the leader of the Young Turks in Resne, was encouraging his soldiers to revolt.
"Soldiers, we are guarding the territory of our motherland in Macedonia, but the Sudan does not cherish our territory at all. Now Bulgaria is protected by Russia, Cyprus is also occupied by the United Kingdom, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is under the jurisdiction of Austria-Hungary. At home, the Sudan relies on the secret police
To maintain his rule, the people are becoming more and more miserable, which requires a group of insightful people to awaken our people. And we will become such people, are you willing?"
Facing the impassioned speech of their superior standing in front of the stage, most of his subordinates, who were members of the Young Turk Party, also gathered in agreement.
"Let us revolt."
"Overthrow of Abdul Hamid II."
"Let's do it."
Seeing that most of the soldiers and officers called for an uprising, Major Niazibeyi was very satisfied. At this time, an unharmonious voice came out.
"We have an uprising. What if other troops come to suppress it?" A thin soldier in the crowd expressed his worries, and then a scolding words came to his face.
"You coward."
"coward."
"What are you afraid of? The people are on our side."
Seeing his backbone loudly refuting the soldier's words, Major Niazibeyi stepped forward and motioned for them to listen to him. Looking at the soldiers who looked at him quietly, Major Niazibeyi explained the reason for doing so.
"We are just the beginning. Enver, who is in the Macedonian army, is also one of ours. This uprising is supported by the entire Macedonian army."
The soldiers who were watching felt relieved after hearing that this was supported by the entire legion, and they no longer wanted to resist the uprising.
Upon seeing this, Major Niazibeyi continued, "We will start taking action tomorrow. We cannot let the people accept such a miserable life anymore."
As the first initiator, Niazibey knew that this uprising was completely a product of advance. It was because Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, etc. had already negotiated and conspired to carve up Turkey's European territory. In early June, the Russian Czar and the British King were among the
Weir met and reached an agreement on further reforms in Macedonia and the establishment of military police forces if necessary.
After receiving the news, the Young Turks were forced to start the planned uprising more than a year in advance. Now Major Niazibey is not sure whether the uprising will succeed. He can only save his motherland Turkey by giving it a try.
avoid this suffering.
The next day, Major Nyazibeyi led the soldiers to the city of Reshna. The police in the city had no idea what the soldiers were going to do. They stepped forward and asked and got the answer that they were in the city on business. This made the police who asked the question also confused.
.
Seeing the gloomy faces of these soldiers, they did not dare to intercept these heavily armed soldiers. They could only report to the police chief of Lechna that soldiers had entered the city. The police chief was also confused and called the military camp, who also said
Not knowing this situation, the police chief's heart sank and he ordered all police officers to return to the police station to get their equipment.
The police chief rushed to the city hall with armed police officers. The police chief, who did not see the soldiers, was relieved. "I saw a group of armed police officers running over from a distance. The mayor asked the police chief. "What's going on?
Something happened." The police chief told the mayor what happened today.
"Is it true?" the mayor asked, looking at the police chief. The police chief nodded to the mayor, indicating that it was what he thought.
While the two municipal officials were playing charades, Major Niazibeyi came to the address of the telegraph company. The message in his hand was sent to all parts of the country via radio waves. "Oppose the government and the Revere Agreement and demand "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
After sending the telegram, Major Niazibeyi and his subordinates retreated while handing out leaflets with the same words as the telegram. They also opposed the government and the Revere Agreement and demanded "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
The officials at the city hall soon received the news. By this time, Major Niazibeyi had led the soldiers out of the city. "What should we do now?" the police chief asked the mayor. "Let's wait for the news from Skopje.
, we are just municipal officials, not the army." The shrewd mayor also refused to let go of the blame. There is a tradition of rebellion in the Turkish army, and every official will know how to protect himself wisely.
After Major Niazibei led the soldiers out of the city, "Brothers, we have no way out now. I will take you up the mountain to fight guerrillas. We must hand over the rights of the Sudan to the people." At the end of Niazibei's speech
Major Yi shouted, "The motherland is with us." This sentence was echoed by everyone who shouted, "The motherland is with us."
After Niazibey sent the telegram to the whole country, Enver also received the news. On November 22, 1881, Matt Ismail Enver was born into a wealthy businessman family in Istanbul. His father was Sure Emini.
Ahmed was a civil engineer and a close advisor to Abdul Hamid II. In 1903, Enver graduated with honors from the Istanbul Military Academy, received the rank of cavalry captain, and was sent to work in the Third Macedonian Army.
Now Enver has become a Central Committee member of the Young Turks, responsible for establishing guerrilla groups in the countryside to promote the spread of revolutionary ideas among the people. If necessary, it can also serve as a refuge for members of the association to escape pursuit by the Sudanese authorities.
"How long do we have to prepare now?" Enver asked his confidant.
"It takes another week to prepare..."
"No, it will take too long. Our brothers are waiting for support and we will start taking action in three days." Enver interrupted his confidant. Enver had ideas about the uprising of the Young Turks. This uprising was the first
I can no longer get it, but I can still accept the second place.
Three days later, Enver followed the actions of Major Niazibeyi and led his troops to fight guerrillas in the mountains. He was determined to overthrow the tyranny at all costs and called the monarch to demand the establishment of a constitution. The uprising quickly swept through many units of the 3rd Army and 2nd Army stationed in Macedonia.
Soon the Young Turks became the real masters of the entire Macedonian region.
On July 20, the Japanese residents of Monastir (today's Bitoli, Yugoslavia) staged an uprising; on the 23rd, the rebel army marched into Salonika, announced the restoration of the 1876 Constitution, and sent a message to Sudan to restore the Constitution within a time limit, otherwise it would be
Marching into Istanbul, Abdulhamid II felt that the situation was over and was forced to announce the restoration of the constitution on the 24th and reopen the Congress.
