As the saying goes, one generation can do the things of one generation, but in the ancestral dynasty, one generation has undoubtedly accomplished great things that took many generations to accomplish.
You must know that the early period of Dashun can be said to be one of the periods when the dynasty had the most stringent rule and the strongest national power. In the era before the rise of the Daimier Empire, there were no strong enemies around Dashun, and Li Laiheng's will could almost
Completely implemented on the material level.
He wantonly squandered the treasury accumulated by countless people, spreading the prestige of Dashun to all directions, and reversed and promoted China's declining power since the late Ming Dynasty to unimaginable heights.
Western missionaries from Europe recorded various legends about Emperor Tianfa in their notes.
His army, his land, his wealth, his people, all those fantastic things are like mirages, but they actually exist.
Li Laiheng blocked the power of Western colonists west of Malacca, and the chain reaction even caused Western powers to no longer be able to dominate even the Indian Ocean.
The world has become more colorful, and many more Indians in the New World have survived than in history.
The Indian people, who would have suffered from war, famine, and colonization, also achieved the prosperity of a combined form of pluralistic political power under the successful governance of the Demier Empire.
The subsequent historical development of the Dashun Dynasty is also preserved in Li Laiheng's edict.
In a series of edicts and materials he left to his successor, the grandson Li Runshi, he left many instructions in the form of ancestral precepts that were very important for the historical development of Dashun in later generations.
Including the "Huangshun Imperial Constitution" promulgated by Emperor Xiaozong and Emperor Gaozong, many elements were also designed by Li Laiheng.
According to the requirements of the "Huangshun Imperial Constitution", the Zizhengyuan is the upper chamber of the Imperial Diet. The Imperial Diet is also composed of the lower parliament, the Council of Government, and the emperor.
There are a total of 199 members of the Zizhengyuan, including 20 spiritual ministers from various religious groups across the country, 89 elected ministers and 90 unelected ministers. Among them, the elected members move according to the change of parties, and the appointed members are
The term of office is life-long, and spiritual members shall continue to serve as long as they retain their clerical status.
At the beginning of the establishment of the constitution, the Imperial Constitution stated that the Council of Ministers had the power to reject all decrees of the Council of Ministers, but this power quickly shrunk and was strictly restricted by the constitution of the court.
However, in actual operation, this power is still effective most of the time. The decrees of the Council of Ministers cannot be directly submitted to the imperial court for approval without going through the Council of Ministers.
It was put on hold in the Zizhengyuan for three to twelve months) to force the Zizhengyuan to withdraw some of the decrees.
At the beginning of its establishment, the Zizhengyuan also tried to obtain judicial functions from the Dali Temple, but after the failure of the "temple dispute", the Zizhengyuan could only exercise limited (actually all) legislative powers.
As mentioned above, the sources of members of the Zizhengyuan are divided into three parts, which are called: democratically elected cabinet members, imperially elected cabinet members, and spiritual cabinet members.
At first, elected cabinet members were selected from each province and local government twice the number of quotas (that is, if 5 people were required, 10 people were elected) and handed over to the local government, who was assigned to serve in Kaifeng. Most of them were famous squires or people from various places.
Industrialist.
Later, after party politics gradually took shape, the election of elected cabinet members adopted a majority system, that is, the party that won the general election could obtain all the seats of elected members of the Senior Council. The winning party would have full power to appoint 89 members to the Council.
The Council of Government is not subject to decree interference; the jointly elected parties allocate seats according to the number of registered members of each party.
This method initially caused a very bad scandal due to poor supervision, and the emperor often used this channel to interfere in the composition of the Zizhengyuan.
There are 90 imperially elected cabinet members in total, slightly more than democratically elected cabinet members. This is also the essence of Dashun's dual constitutional monarchy.
The selected cabinet members are all nominated by the monarch. Among them, there are 10 royal princes; 15 princes and princes under the jurisdiction of the major governors; 20 honorable ministers of the country. Among them are Teikyo University, Imperial University, Jinshikan University and other institutions of higher learning.
There are 10 retired people from various education circles, 20 retired civil servants from non-cabinet departments, and 15 people from the business community who paid excessive taxes.
Unless a Spyker cabinet member commits a serious crime and is deprived of his title, the position of a cabinet member is generally hereditary. If the heir is underage when he inherits the title, his guardian can participate in the discussion of the Zizhengyuan on his behalf.
It is also worth mentioning that if there are too few people in Spyker to inherit the title, so that the seats are aborted, then the aborted seats will be directly appointed by civilians by the emperor.
Since Dashun has various strict assessment requirements for the succession of spies, even if the population is strong, the hereditary title of the princes and nobles may not be smooth - so this has become one of the loopholes in the system for the emperor to interfere with the Congress.
The main active religions in China include traditional Taoism and Chinese Buddhism. In the northwest, there is a deeply rooted Islamic tradition. In the southeast, due to the influence of foreign missionaries, there is a strong Christian influence.
In addition, the Christian Zhangsun Sect from India and the Yellow Sect, which has great influence in the snowy region, although suppressed by the court, still have a certain influence in the country.
When the Zizhengyuan was first opened, twenty spiritual ministers were set up to represent the major religions in the country. This is a system in which politics and religion tend to be integrated and the government dominates religion. It was also adopted by the later constitution.
Scholars and political scientists believe that the imperial court shaped its legitimacy.
According to the charter of the Zizheng Yuan, the administrative organizations appointed by the imperial court to manage major religious groups, such as the Chinese Islamic Association, the Chinese Buddhist Federation, the Chinese Orthodox Church, the Chinese Autonomous Catholic Church and other organizations, can nominate a designated number of spiritual ministers on their own.
Cabinet member.
However, since Dashun has not implemented a true policy of autonomy for religious groups, all religious groups within the Shun Dynasty must accept the organization and management of various guilds and general associations assigned by the court. In fact, the selection of their personnel is entirely a matter of court administration.
arrange.
Therefore, the members of parliament in this area are actually completely appointed by the court and the emperor.
This dual system of parliamentary composition has always maintained a high degree of stability in Dashun's state affairs and contributed to the prosperity of the past dynasties after Emperor Gaozong, but it also caused great obstacles to the reforms of later generations.
In particular, the emperor held too much power, and his wanton interference in Congress and the power to appoint members would inevitably be attacked by people from all walks of life in later generations, and would eventually become a focus of hatred.
It was also because of this that all the anti-system activities in Dashun were gathered under the banner of the Republicans.
Whether on the left or on the right, all anti-establishment elements launched attacks on the court and the royal family in the name of the Republic.
And there is no doubt that for Dashun, the monarchy later became the biggest flaw of its national system.