The difficulty in attacking Sichuan lies not only in the mountains in the Sichuan-Sichuan Basin, but also in the long distance.
Cao Wei's attack on Ji Han during the Cao Wei period actually took advantage of Ji Han's unstable internal governance and problems with the country's national strength.
Because before the deaths of Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and others, Cao Wei could only be on the defensive for a long time. Both Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei were the ones taking the initiative in the Northern Expedition. However, in the internal affairs of Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and others,
After the death of Cai Cai, the political situation in Jihan was unstable and Huang Hao took power, which led to a significant decline in national power and the inability to support military strength.
Under this situation, Jiang Wei tried his best to support, but in the end it was impossible to stop Cao Wei, whose national power was at its peak, and was finally eliminated by Cao Wei in 263 AD.
Although during the Northern Song Dynasty, Later Shu was destroyed in sixty-six days, and there were other small regimes such as Cheng Han, Qiao Shu, and Qian Shu, which did not survive long.
But that's a special case.
As the saying goes, "Before the world was in chaos, Shu first was in chaos and the world was already under control. Shu was under control before it was under control." Later Shu did not go through war for thirty years, and its military capabilities were vulnerable, and it was only destroyed by Zhao Kuangyin in sixty-six days.
The rest of the Chenghan, Qiaoshu, and Qianshu were almost all wiped out due to internal political instability.
At other times, except for small regimes that are internally unstable, larger regimes are difficult to eliminate quickly.
For example, it took more than 40 years for Cao Wei to destroy the Ji and Han Dynasty. The battle of Sichuan for the Yuan Dynasty to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty lasted for more than 50 years. The battle for Sichuan for the Qing Dynasty to destroy the Southern Ming Dynasty lasted for more than 20 years.
Therefore, in summary, if the regime that occupies Sichuan is a regime with strong military ethics and political stability, it will be very difficult to attack the Sichuan Basin unless there are internal problems.
So is Liu Zhang's regime stable?
According to the investigation of the Military Intelligence Department, it was not actually stable internally. Due to Liu Zhang's weak character, internal rebellions continued. First there were Shen Mi, Lou Fa, Gan Ning's Rebellion, then Zhang Lu's Rebellion, and then Zhao Wei's Rebellion.
Therefore, in terms of political stability, Liu Zhang could not completely control the entire Sichuan and Shu. There were many hills inside, and a large number of ethnic minorities refused to obey the jurisdiction of Chengdu. Countless ministers persuaded him to surrender.
Externally, Liu Bei has captured Hanzhong, the Three Gorges and other important passages into Shu. It can be said that the prerequisites for the elimination of Liu Zhang's puppet Han regime have been achieved.
So in the second half of the fifth year of Zhangwu, he spent about half a year preparing. At the beginning of the sixth year of Zhangwu, Liu Bei officially launched the war to destroy Shu.
He sent Guan Yu to Hanzhong and divided his troops into two groups, one going south from Jinniu Road and the other going south from Micang Road.
He also sent Zhao Yun and Tai Shi Ci to advance by land and water from the Yangtze River. Zhao Yun took the land route and Tai Shi Ci took the water route. They attacked Baidi City and took Jiangzhou directly, which was later known as Chongqing.
In the last step, Huang Zhong was sent north along the Han River to attack Shangyong by water, and then took the Lychee Road and went south to attack Bajun.
The three armies, with a total strength of about 150,000, attacked in five directions and surrounded Sichuan.
Since Zhang Lu had surrendered to Guan Yu with Du Yi, Pu Hu and others, the ethnic minority leaders in the Bazhong area, under the leadership of these people, he successfully broke through Baishui Pass and began to attack Jiameng Pass.
It is worth mentioning that the Jianmen Pass was not established at this time. It was not until the Zhuge Liang period that the mountains here were observed and the pass was built 15 kilometers south of Jiange County, Guangyuan City.
Therefore, at this time, the only pass between Sichuan and Hanzhong was Baishui Pass. After passing Baishui Pass, you will reach Guangyuan City in later generations. There is no Jianmen Pass to block it. The road is basically unobstructed and you can go directly to Jiameng Pass.
Liu Zhang's troops had suffered heavy losses in supporting Liu Biao before, and their total strength was less than 50,000. Now faced with the onslaught of the imperial army that was three times his own, their strength was stretched thin, and their combat effectiveness was not at the same level.
Soon in March of the sixth year of Zhangwu, the three armies marched straight in. In about two months, Guan Yu had arrived at Mianzhu, Zhao Yun and Taishi Ci had arrived at Zizhong, and Huang Zhong had arrived at Guanghan.
I don’t know if the old Liu family has a tradition of not shedding tears until they see the coffin, and not dying until they reach the Yellow River. Or maybe Liu Bang’s Xiaoqiang spirit infected them, and they will not surrender until they are in desperate situations.
Needless to say, Liu Bei fought in the south and north for many years. Liu Biao did not surrender to Cao Cao before his death. Liu Zhang did not surrender until Liu Bei's troops came to the city. Even Liu Chan did the same.
Basically, unless you hold a knife to their necks, even if the enemy is powerful, they will not choose to surrender.
But now it was clear that the end of the line had been reached. Under the persuasion of his ministers, Liu Zhang finally sent a letter of surrender to Guan Yu. After learning the news, Guan Yu quickly moved forward, galloping day and night, and rushed to the outside of Chengdu.
Liu Zhang bound his hands and held in his mouth the jade seal carved by his father Liu Yan when he became emperor. Surrounded by his ministers, he arrived outside the north gate of Chengdu and formally surrendered to Guan Yu.
In this way, by the beginning of the sixth year of Zhangwu of the Han Dynasty, except for Shi Xie, who ostensibly surrendered but was actually still a separatist state in Jiaozhou, the entire Han Dynasty had basically been pacified, and there were also more Japanese slaves. The two new territories of Sanhan were large in area.
Increase.
After the fall of the puppet Han regime in Sichuan, Shi Xie did not last long. In the autumn of the sixth year of Zhangwu, the imperial court sent an army of 30,000 troops and brought a large amount of tobacco leaves southward. Before they reached Guiyang County, Shi Xie had already submitted a request for surrender.
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Liu Bei then ordered the army to garrison in the area, transporting food from the two lakes in Jingzhou to the south, recruiting local indigenous people, and dredging the Yushui, Lishui, Xiangjiang, Leishui, Qinshui and other rivers.
The reason why tobacco leaves are brought is because miasma is rampant in the south at this time, and various snakes, insects, rats, ants, and plagues are rampant. Burning tobacco leaves has the effect of sterilization and disinfection.
In order to maintain stability, Chen Mu adopted a pacification policy for remote areas such as Jiaozhou, southwest Yizhou, and southern Yangzhou.
In the political aspect, the local powerful families and ethnic minority leaders were under the jurisdiction of the central government. In the economic aspect, a cooperative attitude was adopted. The court provided money and supplies for food and materials, and the local people contributed their efforts, mainly dredging rivers and expanding water areas.
Because these places are too far away from the central government, it takes two months to go back and forth from Jiaozhou to Luoyang, so there is no way around it. We will do further processing after the transportation is developed in the future.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! In addition, a large number of geological experts and water conservancy experts went south to Jiaozhou to survey the terrain, mainly the water route from Guangzhou to Changsha.
As a trade point with Southeast Asia, Chen Mu believes that Guangzhou will be the top priority in the future. After all, Southeast Asia can not only produce rubber, but also sugar cane, wood, medicinal materials, minerals, fruits, rice, etc. The resources are very rich and will be needed in the future.
Shipping to domestic.
Therefore, at the Guangzhou port, it is necessary to dig out the river hub from Changsha to Guangzhou and connect it to the Grand Canal.
The amount of this project is not small.
The good news is that as early as the Qin Dynasty, the water systems of the Xiangjiang River and the Pearl River were the same. Qin Shihuang went south to conquer Baiyue, but the roads were blocked and impassable, so he dug a canal and called it Lingqu. By connecting the Xiangjiang River and the Pearl River, Lingnan was level.
Therefore, the Han Dynasty took advantage of Qin Shihuang on this point. There was no need to dig a new canal. It only needed to dredge the original Ling Canal, expand the channel, and repair it.
Now the entire Han Dynasty has just regained its unity from the war and is undergoing a new round of reshuffle. The country is full of waste and needs development and construction everywhere.
For Liu Bei's court, the top priority to be solved now is to ensure productivity and solve the food crisis.
In the first five-year plan, in addition to the canal, there was also the promotion of double-cropping rice in the south within five years, and the promotion of high-yielding crops such as corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes throughout the country, so as to first solve the people's food and clothing problems, and then plan for subsequent development.
For this reason, after Liu Bei and Chen Mu selected the candidates for the state shepherds in each state, they specifically asked them to visit more places and promote grain production according to the situation and local conditions.
The work on the canal was still in full swing. At the same time, Liu Bei transferred part of the teaching staff of Taishan Academy to Luoyang to officially reopen Taixue.
Now Taishan Academy has developed into a behemoth. In the second year of Zhongping, Chen Mu became the governor of Qingzhou and invited Zheng Xuan to be the director of the academy. Today, Taishan Academy has been established for 21 years.
Due to the impact of the Yellow Turban and Dong Zhuo Rebellions, as well as the chaos among the princes, the inspection and evaluation system collapsed. Officials in various places were often appointed based on the preferences of the princes rather than after examination.
Therefore, after Liu Bei regained the lost territory of the Han Dynasty, he would basically abolish the officials appointed by the princes who previously occupied them. They needed to pass the assessment again before they could continue to take office or be transferred to other places as officials.
Except for Jingzhou, the shortage of officials in other places is relatively serious. Because the princes are busy fighting wars and neglecting the management of officials and people's livelihood, sometimes there are vacancies in a certain place and people will not be sent immediately.
This resulted in the talents trained by Taishan Academy being replenished as soon as possible. As time went by, all the powerful families in the world also discovered that Taishan Academy was the way to become an official.
Therefore, every household, no matter how far away they are, even in Liangzhou, as long as they are children of powerful families with resources and connections, they will go to Taishan Academy.
The threshold for admission to the Academy is actually not high. The knowledge of the Han Dynasty was in the hands of wealthy and powerful families. Compared with more than 95% of illiterate people, whether they are from poor families, powerful families or from aristocratic families, as long as they read and practice calligraphy, they can often enter the Academy to study.
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This has created a huge and growing number of students in the academy. Ten years ago, there were only 30,000 or 40,000 students, but now it has grown to more than 100,000. The entire academy covers an area of nearly 10,000 acres, and it has developed into a city.
As the leading academic exchange base in the Han Dynasty, it is not advisable to be alone. Therefore, Taixue was first established to compete with Taishan Academy and start competition, and then other schools were developed.
The task of restarting the Imperial Academy was handed over to Guan Ning, the current deputy director of the Academy. He was appointed as the Imperial Academy's liberator and brought many key members of the Academy to Luoyang to open a new university.
In addition to universities, complete elementary schools, junior high schools, and high schools must be established. These tasks are left to state pastors across the country to implement.
At the same time, Chen Mu also started to formally re-plan the administrative divisions this year. The original jurisdiction of the thirteen states of Han Dynasty was too large. For example, Yizhou included the three provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou and the municipality of Chongqing.
In addition, Jingzhou includes Hunan and Hubei, Yangzhou includes Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and half of Jiangsu, needless to say, Jiaozhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and even half of Vietnam.
A territory that is too vast is not conducive to governance, and a state that is too large can easily breed warlords. Therefore, Chen Mu redivided the thirteen states of the Han Dynasty according to the proportions of later generations.
Yizhou was divided into four parts. In the south, Yongchang County, Yizhou County, and the Qianwei vassal state were changed to Yizhou. The land of three counties was changed to seven counties. The local Han people were concentrated and they mainly developed plain cities. The mountainous areas were ceded to the officials and Liyue.
Min-Pu, Pu tribe, Yak and other tribes.
This area became Yunnan in later generations. There are not many Han people now. Although it is rich in mineral resources and close to Southeast Asia, it is suitable for growing rubber. However, the terrain is too complicated and it is too remote from the Central Plains, making it difficult to develop.
Therefore, Yunnan now can only carry out administrative planning first, separate it from Yizhou, only send officials to govern, respect local ethnic minorities, and prioritize the development of its agricultural foundation.
To put it simply, it is to let the Han people in Yunnan survive first, slowly increase the population, and then govern the entire Yunnan when the Han people develop in the future.
Chengdu to the north of Yizhou was changed to Shuzhou, and its area was probably similar to Sichuan Province in later generations.
Bajun in the east was changed to Bazhou, which is a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing.
Zangqi County in the southeast and the original Wuling County in Jingzhou to the west were changed to Guizhou, and the area was also Guizhou Province in later generations.
It's not that Chen Mu is copying the homework, but based on the topography and priority of centralized development, this division is the most reasonable. It does not include the entire Yizhou as a whole, but separates it, and the four states develop separately, which is more conducive to central rule.
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Then Guanzhong was changed to Yongzhou, and its jurisdiction was half of later Shaanxi. The entire Guanzhong Plain south of Shaanxi, including Hedong County and Hanzhong County, was also under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou, with nine counties under its jurisdiction.
Bingzhou was divided into three parts. The original Bingzhou included the north of Shaanxi, the entire Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and a small part of Ningxia. The area was thousands of miles away.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Now it is changed to Jinzhou, which is Shanxi Province. Bingzhou includes the north of Shaanxi and part of Ningxia in later generations, and finally Inner Mongolia, called Yuanzhou, with an area equivalent to
The whole of Inner Mongolia.
Hebei, Henan, and Huaibei have not changed much. They still retain Jizhou, Yuzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, and Qingzhou. Only Guangling in the south of Xuzhou, Peiguo in the southeast of Yuzhou, and a small northwest part of Jiujiang in the northwest of Yangzhou are divided into a Huaizhou
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Then Youzhou has long been divided into two. The original Beijing area, that is, Shanggu County, Dai County, Zhuo County, Yuyang County, Youbeiping County and Liaoxi County to the west of Youzhou, has been retained as Youzhou.
In the east, Liaodong County, Liaodong vassal state, Xuanzang County, Lelang County, and the newly merged Haoli County, Fuyu County and other places were combined into six counties and changed to Liaozhou.
Jingzhou is divided into two parts, Jingzhou in the north and Xiangzhou in the south, which means Hunan and Hubei.
Jiaozhou was divided into two parts, Guangzhou and Cangzhou, which later became Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province. Since Guangxi was called Cangwu in ancient times, it was called Cangzhou.
Yangzhou is divided into three parts. Most of Jiujiang plus Lujiang, Danyang, Wujun and a small part to the north of Kuaiji, which is the area around Hangzhou in later generations, are collectively called Yangzhou.
The area south of Kuaiji was called Minzhou, and Yuzhang was changed to Zhangzhou.
Finally, Xiliang was divided into Liangzhou and the Western Regions Governor's Department. Although the Western Regions Governor's Department was just a name, it would one day return to the embrace of the Han Dynasty.
And this was Chen Mu's restructuring of all states and counties in the world in the sixth year of Zhangwu.
Of course, it’s not something you decide on the spot.
In addition to having memories of various provinces in later generations, the most important thing is to adapt to local conditions.
For example, which states and counties need to be temporarily divested of non-performing assets, and which states and counties are priority targets for development, so backward areas cannot be allowed to slow down the pace of development areas.
It sounds cruel, but there is no way around it.
It can be said that those high-quality prefectures and counties in the Central Plains are the top priority for future development. Just like Yangzhou, the mountainous areas in the south really do not have the ability to develop, and can only give priority to the development of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River plains such as Nanjing and Hangzhou.
Therefore, these high-quality prefectures and counties must be divided and developed intensively.
As for the backward prefectures and counties, such as Yizhou, Guizhou, Minzhou, Zhangzhou, Cangzhou, Liangzhou and other places, they will be put on hold for the time being. They can first promote agriculture and strive for the survival of the people.
In the future, when the national strength of the Han Dynasty develops and the level of science and technology advances by leaps and bounds, the development of these places will be promoted.
in this way.
The thirteen states of the Han Dynasty became twenty-four states, plus a governor's department and Luoyang Sili.