Most of the debates in Erbi are based on evidence. A theory without evidence will only appear weak in court. If you speak it out, people will object.
The fact is that when the Qin Dynasty followed Legalism, it completely wiped out Confucianism and achieved great success. However, Confucianism had never done this before. It was not that they didn't want to, but that they couldn't.
So from this point of view, Legalism is obviously superior to Confucianism.
Wang Anshi stroked his beard and smiled. In fact, most of his reforms were based on Legalist thought, supplemented by Confucianism, because his purpose was to achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army in a short period of time, so Legalism was the only shortcut.
But he also knew that if the people's lives were very poor, the country would not be strong and prosperous.
He was happy, but Sima Guang was of course very depressed. I invited you here to teach you about litigation. Why are you arguing about Confucianism and Legalism?
If we argue about this issue, it will be endless. Moreover, it is very dangerous to talk about Confucianism and Legalism at this moment.
Erbi, please take it easy.
As a great scholar, Yan Fu was so anxious when he saw that all the students were being questioned. He couldn't help but take a step out of the room, but was stopped by Wen Yanbo, "Brother Yan, if you say anything, you will lose."
Yan Fu was startled, smiled ashamedly, and stepped back.
If you, a great scholar of your generation, go to argue with Zhang Fei about knowledge, no matter whether you win or lose, it at least proves that Zhang Fei is on the same level as you Yan Fu, so of course he is qualified to be this teacher.
At this moment, a young man stood up in the first row and said, "Legalism is stubborn and arbitrary, and cannot tolerate the knowledge of other schools. Confucianism, on the other hand, is open to all rivers and is very inclusive, so it has the strengths of each school. But I don't know what the teacher thinks is better between the two.
Which one is better?"
When Yan Fu heard this, he breathed a sigh of relief. He was just about to say this, so he couldn't help asking: "Who is this son?"
Sima Guang glanced at him and said, "It seems to be Shangguan Ning's second son, Shangguan Jun."
"Oh, it turns out that Shangguan Chengshu is the son, no wonder, no wonder." Yan Fu nodded slightly with pleasure, then looked at Zhang Fei to see how he would retort.
"The sea is open to all rivers, and it is great when it is tolerant, and it takes into account the strengths of each family."
Zhang Fei read it again, nodded slightly, and said with a smile: "It sounds a bit powerful. So according to your words, this Confucianism is also the strong point of Legalism. If so, what does it mean specifically?"
Shangguan Jun replied: "It is undeniable that since Li Kui's reform, the laws of all subsequent dynasties were all based on his "Book of Laws". Later, they were transformed by Confucianism, advocating cautious punishment, less punishment, and instilling benevolence."
virtue, thus further perfecting the law.”
Zhang Fei nodded and asked again: "Song Xingtong is also related to Legalism."
Shangguan Jun nodded and said: "Of course."
Zhang Fei couldn't help but glance around, "What do you think?"
Almost everyone nodded in agreement.
After seeing this, Zhang Fei couldn't help but sigh deeply.
Cai Jing asked: "Why did the teacher sigh?"
Zhang Fei said with a sad face: "Because I am sad, sad and want to cry."
Competing for knowledge is not a competition for marriage, but you are also striving to be sad and sad, this is it!
Not to mention these students, even the scholar-bureaucrats outside the school are confused.
Are you sad because you lost?
Shangguan Jun asked again: "Why is the teacher so sad?"
Zhang Fei looked at them sadly, "I always thought that you were all the proud ones. Although you are not proficient in law, you are at least familiar with it. With a little guidance, you can graduate. I am also very relaxed. Therefore, I just said that everyone should not treat this as a class, but as an academic exchange.
But I never thought that your level of legal studies is only at the infant level. If I teach you until you graduate, I am afraid that my temples will be as white as frost. I have been tricked by Sima Bachelor, and I don’t know how to resign now. Officer, it’s not too late.”
Sima Guang's face darkened when he heard this, and he whispered in a low voice: "What nonsense is this kid talking about?"
Zhao Xu couldn't understand either. What those students said was very reasonable and there was nothing wrong with it. He couldn't help but look at Wang Anshi and asked, "Sir, do you know the reason?"
Wang Anshi shook his head slightly, also looking confused.
For him, it's probably about the same.
This is common sense and there is nothing wrong with it.
All the students sitting here were filled with anger, bulging their eyes and glaring at Zhang Fei angrily.
What is toddler level?
You are a small Erbi, who are you humiliating?
Shangguan Jun clasped his fists tightly and said through gritted teeth, "I hope the teacher will point out the student's mistakes."
"Stop it! You are not calling this wrong, it should be called ignorance."
Zhang Fei said excitedly: "Who the hell told you that this law has something to do with Legalism? You can't even tell the difference between Law and Legalism, so you have the nerve to come to our Imperial College to take this law class and go home as early as possible to study in elementary school. Go ahead."
He suddenly started talking nonsense, which made all the students sitting at a loss.
This Er pen is really easy to disparage people.
Where is that humble and kind teacher Zhang just now?
Ye Zuqia opened his eyes wide and asked: "The law has nothing to do with Legalism?"
Zhang Fei rolled his eyes and said: "Of course, the two have nothing to do with each other. This is a common sense question. Was there no law before the "Dharma Sutra"? Was there no law before Legalism? This Do you still need me to answer it for you?"
Shangguan Jun retorted: "You are using strong words. Confucianism was born out of Zhou Rites. Could it be that Confucianism has nothing to do with Zhou Rites? The Book of Laws was written by Li Kui, and Li Kui was a Legalist. How could it be so? It has nothing to do with Legalism."
Everyone was getting angry, and the teacher stopped shouting and just started talking.
“It’s really rotten wood that cannot be carved!”
Zhang Fei shook his head and sighed, "Zhou Li and Confucianism have a mother-son relationship. Without Zhou Li, there would be no Confucianism. However, Legalism and law are completely two different things and they must not be confused. Otherwise, there will be big problems. Yes, if you can't even understand this, even if you become an official, you will probably be a mediocre official. If you don't harm the country and the people, it will be regarded as God's favor."
Before the students showed anything, a group of ministers at the door looked embarrassed.
Because they don't know what Zhang Fei is talking about.
Shangguan Jun asked: "We would like to hear the details."
"That's all, that's all, it's coming if it doesn't come, let's talk about it after finishing this lesson!"
Zhang Fei felt sorry for himself, then took a charcoal pen and wrote the word "zhi" under the word "法", "Recite it after me, law makes it."
".!"
No one answered.
"Forget it, this is the last lesson anyway."
Zhang Fei shrugged and said: "The difference between Legalism and Legalism is a world of difference! The Qin Dynasty fell on this point. They just confused Legalism and Legalism. This is bloody.
You have learned a lesson, but you still treat it as a bright color and paint it on your own clothes and feel complacent. It is really sad."
As soon as these words came out, everyone was confused.
There are different opinions on the reasons for the demise of the Qin Dynasty, and they have basically been dug out. They say it is impossible to say, but no one has ever said that the Qin Dynasty died because they did not understand the Legalist legal system.
This is so new.
Zhao Xu couldn't help but walked directly inside, just like a student, looking at Zhang Fei full of doubts and expectations.
The students present, however, completely ignored the emperor's presence and frowned in thought, but still did not understand the meaning of these words.
Cai Bian asked: "Where do you start talking about this?"
Zhang Fei couldn't help but smile bitterly, "Don't you understand this?"
All the students' faces turned red.
Is it simple?
It sounds so mysterious to us!
Are we too stupid?
Ye Zucheng certainly didn't think he was stupid, so he said: "You are making a fool of yourself, how could we know."
"No matter how stupid I am, I will never be so stupid as to use common sense to make mysteries."
Zhang Fei chuckled and knocked on the wooden board with his hand, "Legalism is an idea and a concept of governing the country. The ultimate goal of Legalism is to enrich the country and strengthen its army. What it wants to safeguard is the national interest and the monarch's power."
Benefits. Yes or no?"
Ye Zuqia nodded and said: "That's true, so Legalism achieves its goals through laws."
"That's it."
Zhang Fei nodded with a smile and said: "What is a law? If you look through the Song Dynasty Xingtong, you can see that these laws are all about protecting the legitimate rights and interests of individuals. Individuals.
These are two completely different concepts. The Qin Dynasty just didn't understand this. They used Legalism to replace law. Remember, they are replacements. The two have nothing to do with each other.
The result is that all Qin people lose their legitimate personal rights and interests, and the Qin State only has national interests and monarch interests.
Yes, the Qin Dynasty followed Legalism, but in fact the Qin Dynasty had no laws. What do you think is the relationship between the two?"
Hearing this, everyone opened their eyes wide.
There was no law in the Qin Dynasty.
this.!
This is simply incredible.
Anyone who is familiar with history would not dare to say that Qin had no laws.
"Don't look at me like that, it's the truth."
Zhang Fei smiled and said: "Have any of you studied the Qin law and found out which of the laws was formulated for the purpose of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of individuals? Then think about the discussion on the Xingtong Law of the Song Dynasty in our dynasty and what the discussion was.
It is fairness, justice, and the legitimate rights and interests of individuals.
For example, is it to avoid the crime for the benefit of the monarch? Is it for the national interest? Not at all. This law is to protect the rights and interests of the perpetrator and the victim, and these are all personal rights.
"
Cai Bian thought thoughtfully: "The legitimate rights and interests of individuals also belong to the interests of the country and the interests of the monarch."
"That's correct."
Zhang Fei smiled and said: "Actually, there was an old gentleman who pointed out the shortcomings of the Qin Dynasty before its demise. Unfortunately, the Qin Dynasty did not listen. If he had listened, the results of the Qin Dynasty might have been different. Do you know who this old gentleman is?
?"
Cai Bian pondered for a moment and replied: "Xunzi."
Zhang Fei asked again: "Which sentence?"
"Water can carry a boat, but it can also capsize it."
"Completely correct."
Zhang Fei smiled and nodded, "The interests of the country and the interests of the monarch are based on the legitimate rights and interests of individuals. The Qin State is putting the cart before the horse. It completely replaces personal interests with the interests of the country and the monarch. It is impossible for it to survive.
In fact, many thoughts in Confucianism are correcting this point. Why do those ministers persuade the monarch to govern the country with benevolence? What is benevolent government? Is it not to defend the legitimate rights and interests of the people and not let the people starve to death or die of exhaustion?
This is the true meaning of the law. You haven't even understood this yet and you all came to take my class. Bachelor Sima looks down on you too much. Forget it, let's stop here. I won't take it, it's not interesting.