Chapter 1950: Tang Ying Glaze Color, including everything
Emperor Yongzheng was quite satisfied with Nian Xiyao's work.
Although there are no more words of praise in the archives, every time Yongzheng took a fancy to a new gadget, he sent someone to hand over Nian Xiyao to make porcelain as usual.
It won't be long before new porcelain will be presented to the emperor.
As long as it was the type of porcelain that Yongzheng liked, no matter how difficult the technology was, Nian Xiyao would always do his best to organize the development and firing of the porcelain.
The next step is to ask the emperor to review it over and over again until the emperor is satisfied.
Yongzheng had very strict requirements on the quality of official kiln porcelain, almost to the point of being picky.
Under his eyes, it was impossible for a kiln governor who had been re-elected for ten years to have talents beyond ordinary people.
Nian Xiyao could take over various tasks of the emperor's tribe, and there are many records in "Qinggang".
On the eighth day of the eighth month of the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, Lang Zhonghaiwang brought out a Yixing glazed vase.
What does it say in the edict? Take a wooden pattern and taper it at both ends, then hand it over to the Nianxi kiln for firing.
Then use the Nianxi kiln to bake a round ball vase with a diameter of eight or nine inches, and a two-inch diameter upper opening. Place a flower tube in the belly that is two to three inches high and three to four inches in diameter. Make a wooden sample and send it to the Nianxi kiln for firing.
Nian Xiyao was also the person whose name was mentioned the most in the "Qing Files" of the Yongzheng Dynasty.
The earliest record is that on May 13th, the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, according to the Old Summer Palace, a picture of the eunuch named Ya was posted and a white porcelain handle cup was handed over to the Xi kiln for firing in the same manner.
The latest account is that on July 19, the 13th year of Yongzheng's reign, Su Hena, the doctor, and Chang Bao, the treasurer, handed over a wooden sample of Jihong Gaozu tea.
The decree was that in the next year Xiyao would make one hundred and thirty pieces according to the wood pattern and send them to him.
Nian Xiyao served as the general manager of the kiln from the fourth to thirteenth year of Yongzheng reign.
During the period from the first year to the third year of Yongzheng's reign, because Yongzheng respected the family law and his father Kangxi and his biological mother, Empress Xiaogongren, observed mourning for three years, the production of the imperial kiln factory was very limited.
Four years later, everything returned to normal and large-scale burning activities began.
During his tenure, Nian Xiyao gave full play to his artistic and management talents and enabled Yongzheng Nian Kiln to achieve world-famous new achievements.
The artistic achievements of the Yongzheng period must be attributed to Nian Xiyao, and the other person was Tang Ying.
When Tang Ying was 16 years old in the 30th year of Kangxi's reign, she served in Yangxin Hall.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, he was sent to Jingzhen to supervise the pottery affairs. Although he took office in the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, he had already served in the Yangxin Hall Manufacturing Office for more than thirty years before going to Jingzhen.
Through hard self-study and exposure to court art, he became proficient in classics and epics, and was good at calligraphy and painting, becoming a master of arts and crafts in the Qing Dynasty with profound knowledge.
As early as the first year of Yongzheng's reign, the emperor assigned him to be responsible for the design and painting work at the Yangxin Hall Building Office.
"Qingdang" records that on the 13th day of the first lunar month of the first year of Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yi handed over a Ding kiln vial with an ebony base, and a Ding porcelain furnace with a rosewood lid and base.
As Wang ordered, he handed Tang Ying over to paint in the same way.
On the 13th day of February in the first year of Yongzheng's reign, Prince Yi handed over a small plate in the style of Youbo grape, with Tang Ying's painting on it.
Not only is she good at painting utensils, Tang Ying is also good at painting beautiful women.
His paintings of court beauties were very popular with Yongzheng.
On the second day of November in the third year of Yongzheng's reign, a painting of a beautiful woman was posted on the north side of the stairs of Jiuzhou Qingyanxian Tower in Yuanmingyuan.
The purpose of the painting at that time was to paint a very good style. When you painted a beautiful woman by Tang Ying, the clothes pattern should be the same as the clothes pattern painted first.
Tang Ying relied on her painting skills and through hard study and practice, finally became an expert in porcelain firing.
He recounted in "Taoist's Whispers" that Du Meng went on outings, concentrated his energy, worked hard, and rested and ate with the craftsmen for three years.
In the ninth year of Xinhai, although I dare not say that I know everything about the principles of change in materials, heat, and changes, I have found ways to adapt to it.
Pay attention to the pottery method, have experience in clay, glaze, body, and fire, and command it yourself.
Tang Ying was a man of action. He wrote the "Inscription on the Record of Tao Cheng", which summarized fifty-seven firing varieties, including nearly thirty kinds of colored glazes.
Fifty-seven kinds of imitations of ancient times and modern times.
Since the Daguan of the Song Dynasty, the Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Jiajing and Wanli kilns of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the Ge kiln, Ding kiln, Jun kiln, Longquan kiln, Yixing kiln, Western and Eastern wares have been imitated.
The glaze colors include white-pink blue, large green, beige, rose purple, crabapple red, eggplant purple, plum green, mule liver, horse lung, sky blue, ji red, ji green, eel yellow, snake skin green, oil green, European red, European blue, moon white, emerald, black gold, purple gold and other types.
There are also names such as pouring yellow, pouring purple, filling with white, tracing with gold, blue and white, ink and wash, five colors, cone flower, arch flower, gold and silver.
Because he was a master of arts and crafts and was proficient in all the technological processes of porcelain firing, the level of color glaze firing in the Yongzheng Dynasty improved by leaps and bounds.
It can be said that he made outstanding contributions to the development of Yongzheng color glaze.
Color glaze refers to the decorative color of glaze. When making colorless and transparent glaze, metal oxide is added as a coloring agent.
Color glaze can be divided into single color glaze and mixed color glaze;
Single color glaze is also called solid color glaze, which refers to a single color.
Such as sky blue, sacrificial red, Ji Qing, Ji blue, yellow glaze, white glaze, green glaze and other glaze colors;
Variegated glaze refers to the various colors that appear when the glazes blend and change during the firing process.
Such as kiln change, lapis lazuli blue, sprinkled blue, rust flower, tiger skin spots, furnace homogenized glaze, etc.
Preliminary statistics show that there are nearly 20,000 pieces of Yongzheng official kiln color glazed porcelain in the collection of the Palace Museum in Shendu.
Including more than 20 varieties, the quality and quantity are top-notch.
The vast majority of them are from the old collection of the Qing Palace, and a few were acquired through state allocation and other channels after liberation.
Almost all the glaze colors mentioned in Tang Ying's "Taocheng Chronicles" are included.
The dignity of antique glazes; the elegance of light yellow glaze; the nobility of Ji red glaze;
The solemnity of Ji-blue glaze; the charm of rouge-water glaze; the tranquility of sky-blue glaze;
The crystal purity of the pink green glaze; the freshness of the okra green glaze; the erraticity of the blue glaze;
The wonder of kiln-turned glaze is so beautiful.
The antique glazes of the Yongzheng Dynasty mainly imitate the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty: Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding and Jun, as well as the celadon of the Longquan kiln of the Song Dynasty.
There are many records in "Qingdang" from their Yongzheng period.
On May 26, the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, the eunuchs Liu Xiwen, Wang Taiping, and Wang Changgui handed over two imitations of the Sixi Zun from Daguan Kiln and two imitations of Longquan's halberd paper mallet bottles.
Others include a holly kiln double-ringed vase, imitating a holly kiln flower pouch.
Two imitation porcelain purple-gold glazed plum vases from the Song Dynasty, and one imitation Ru kiln cerium bag vase.
Two imitation Longquan double round bottles and eight imitation Longquan Bafang double-tube bottles.
One imitation of Ru kiln's bile bottles and two imitations of Ding kiln's bile bottles.
Four imitation Longquan celestial spheres and two large and small imitation Longquan kiln double-circle wall vases.
An imitation of the Ding kiln double-ring vase, an imitation of the Ding kiln Sanxi Zun, an imitation of the Ding kiln flower pouch, and an imitation of the Ding kiln wire coiled vase.
He also sent out the decree to make a wooden frame of each style with a lacquered frame base, and then present it to the public.
These are all true historical records and there is absolutely no possibility of any error. Unfortunately, it is not known how many of them have been handed down to this day.