The Leng family has been fighting with the Xichuan rebels for so long, and they are already a little exhausted. Once the Zhou family's elite Guanzhong army arrives, it is natural that they cannot be used as a sword pavilion. The Leng family defenders at Yinping Pass have already been transferred to deal with the Xichuan rebels. At this time, the sword pavilion, Yinping
Guan Tianxian's defense is extremely weak. Once attacked, it will quickly fall into Sichuan. The door has been opened to Zhou Ye.
Sichuan occupies the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, so those who run the world in the past have all been obsessed with Sichuan's upper reaches: use the north to attack the south, and if you gain Sichuan, you can drive down the river and go straight to the southeast; use the south to fight the north, ensuring that Sichuan can protect the upper reaches and ensure that
The complete situation in Jiangnan
In the war of unification, Sichuan played a role that cannot be ignored. During the Warring States Period, the Sichuan area was Ba, the country of Shu. Shu was divided into two Sichuan (eastern Sichuan and western Sichuan). In the fifth year of King Zhou Shenliang (316 BC), King Qin Hui took advantage of the situation.
The two countries of Bashu and Bashu attacked each other, and Sima Cuo was sent to attack Shu, destroying Shu and annexing its territory. History records that "Shu belongs to Qin, and Qin used it to become stronger and richer, and to despise the princes." Qin's capture of Bashu not only enhanced its national power
, and changed the strategic posture towards Chu. The land of Bashu became a source of Qin to threaten Chu and attack Chu. In the diplomatic struggle between Qin and Chu, we can often see such things as "an army goes to central Guizhou", or "Sichuan"
"Zhijia, floated in Wen by boat, took the Xia River down the river, and arrived at Ying in five days." Threats such as "Qin occupied Hanzhong and Bashu, greatly weakening the status of the Chu State. In the early Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was named the King of Han and the King of Bashu.
, the land of Hanzhong and Bashu provided manpower and material support for its unification war.
If the strategic significance of Sichuan was still latent during the Qin and Han dynasties, then, after the Qin and Han dynasties, with the economic development and the rise of social and political forces in the southern region, the strategic significance of Sichuan began to emerge.
In the late Three Kingdoms period, Deng Ai had just conquered Shu, so he suggested managing the territory of Shu in preparation for the attack on Wu: "Now that the power of pacifying Shu is taking advantage of Wu, the people of Wu were frightened, and when they swept away, they also left 20,000 soldiers from Longyou and 2000 soldiers from Shu.
Ten thousand people will cook salt and smelt it for the needs of the army and farmers, and build boats to prepare for traveling down the river. Then they will send envoys to report the benefits and disadvantages, and Wu will be converted, but it can be determined without conquest." Although Deng Ai died, there were
Wang Jun was running a naval force in Yizhou, and he mapped the upper reaches of Wu to the Western Jin Dynasty. After the Cao Wei Dynasty, Yang Hu wrote a plan for conquering Wu: "Introduce the troops of Liang Yi and attack on both land and water; the people of Jingchu and Chu will advance to Jiangling; flatten Yuzhou in the south, and directly attack Wu."
Refers to Xiakou; Xu, Yang, Qing, Yan, Huishou Ling and Wu in a corner. All the people in the world are divided and dispersed. All preparations are in a hurry. The strange soldiers of the Han Dynasty come out of their empty space. If one place is destroyed, it will shake up and down.
Although there are wise men, they cannot plan for Wu." Later, the battle to destroy Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty basically followed the suggestions of Yang Hu and others.
Since then, the situation of "Wang Jun's boat disembarked from Yizhou, and the king of Jinling was dejected" has repeatedly inspired the strategic thinking of those from the north who wanted to conquer the south.
In the ninth year of Qin Jianyuan (373), the former Qin Dynasty had captured Liang and Yizhou; in the fourteenth year of Qin Jianyuan (378), as a prelude to the war against Jin, Fu Jian sent troops to attack Xiangyang and wanted to go out to Liangzhou himself.
Liang Xi, the governor, admonished Fu Jian for his expedition and presented the strategy for the expedition against the Jin: "Your Majesty will definitely clear the river surface, but he will not overdo it by ordering generals to lead troops from the Kwantung to Huaisi to the south; soldiers from Liang Yi will march east from Baxia" to attack the Jin.
After the battle kicked off, the former Qin, in addition to Fu Rong and Murong Chui who led their troops towards the Huaihe River and Xiangyang respectively, Yao Chang Du Yi and the military forces of Liang and other states led the troops from Shu down the river; only the war between the former Qin and the Qin Dynasty
Due to insufficient preparation, Feishui was defeated and the whole situation collapsed, failing to achieve the expected results.
During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the division between the north and the south that lasted for three to four hundred years ended with the Sui Dynasty destroying the Chen Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty unified the world, and its inheritance can be traced back to the Western Wei Dynasty. As early as the Western Wei Dynasty, Yuchi Jiong led his troops into Sichuan and occupied Yizhou in the Southern Dynasties.
In October of the eighth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (588), the Sui Dynasty's battle to destroy Chen began. Its advance deployment was also similar to that of the Western Jin Dynasty's battle to destroy Wu. It also attacked from three aspects: downstream, Jingxiang, and Yizhou: Gaizhou
On the one hand, Yang Su led the navy out of Yong'an (today's Fengjie, Sichuan) and went eastward along the river; Jingzhou Governor Liu Ren'en left Jiangling and went westward, cooperating with Yang Su to attack the enemy forces guarding the mouth of Xiling Gorge and other places upstream; Yang Jun led the navy army
Leaving Xiangyang and entering Hankou, cutting off the connection between Jiankang and the upper reaches. Yang Su built the "Five Tooth" ship in Yong'an, which was five stories high and more than 100 feet high. It could accommodate 800 soldiers. On the day of the massive launch, Yang Su led
The navy marched eastward, and the boats were captured by the river. Yang Su was sitting on a big boat with the sun shining brightly, and Chen Ren sighed that Yang Su was the god of the river. Yang Jun restrained all the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei. He Ruobi, while Han Qinhu led his troops to forcibly cross the lower reaches.
The Yangtze River encircled Jiankang and captured Chen Shubao, the empress of Chen. Chen died.
When the Mongols attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, they had to attack Sichuan every time. The Mongolian army often divided into three groups to attack Jianghuai, Jingxiang, and Sichuan. During the Mongolian Ogedai Khan period, the Mongolian army invaded Sichuan three times and tried to attack from Chongqing and Wanzhou.
, Kuizhou went eastward and came out of Jingxiang; during the period of Mengge Khan, Mengge Khan adopted the large-scale encirclement strategy suggested by the surrendered general Guo Baoyu in order to bypass the rear of the Yangtze River defense line in the Southern Song Dynasty. His march into Yunnan-Guizhou was also aimed at conquering Sichuan
As a prelude; in the eighth year of Meng Ge Khan (1258), Meng Ge launched three armies to move the country southward. Meng Ge personally led the main force of the Mongolian army into Sichuan, intending to capture Sichuan first, and then leave Kuimen in the east to join the other two armies in Ezhou.
, and then went straight down the river to capture Lin'an, but the war turned for the better due to the death of Meng Ge Khan in Hezhou (today's Hechuan). After Meng Ge Khan was killed, the Mongolian army withdrew north to Kublai Khan, and the Mongolian army would attack the Song Dynasty.
The focus moved to the direction of Xiangyang, but whether during the attack on Xiangyang or later during the eastward march to Lin'an, the Mongolian army launched diversionary operations in Sichuan to destroy the upstream and downstream forces of the Song army.
Historically, several confrontations between the North and the South ended with the North unifying the South. The North's ability to unify the South was largely due to its management of the upper reaches of Sichuan.
During the confrontation between the north and the south, Sichuan was of greater significance to the south than to the north. Just as Gu Yanwu said: "Shu occupies the upper reaches of the world. Those who established a country in the south in the past will lose Shu first, and then endanger their servants. Shu will become a country and will not be in harmony with the Central Plains.
Then we can still put Sun Wu in the hands of the Han, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the hands of Li Xiong. This is how Shu unites with the Central Plains, and combines the power of the world, and has the power of the upper class to think that it is our enemy. Then the king of danger comes east from Baqiu, and Liu Zong plans to seize Shu.
From a glimpse of the Song Dynasty, it is also possible to defend the former Shu as if the people of Shu were compiled. Because of their wealth, they sent troops between Qin, Feng, Jing, and Long, and it was not difficult to shake the world, so they fought against the former Shu."
During the Three Kingdoms period, although Wei, Shu, and Wu were said to be three pillars, the formation of the tripartite trend actually relied on the alliance between the Sun and Liu families to jointly maintain the power of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After Sun Quan attacked Jingzhou, he was eager to make peace with Liu Bei. After Zhuge Liang came to power,
They also tried to repair the alliance between Sun and Liu, all based on this consideration. Later, the Northern Expedition of Shu Han echoed Sun Wu's Northern Expedition from east to west, which contained and dispersed the power of Cao Wei from the east and west directions. Although the two countries' Northern Expedition was not successful,
However, Wei undoubtedly played an important role in maintaining the situation of the Three Kingdoms by destroying Shu and controlling the upper reaches of Sichuan. Wu had to increase the garrison of Jingzhou and even moved the capital to Wuchang (today's Ezhou) to cope with the unfavorable situation of "two enemy territories" in the upper reaches. With the famous generals
After the death of the Lu family and his son, the situation in the upper reaches of Sun Wu was extremely unfavorable. As Yang Hu said, "With Wu in one corner, all the people in the world are scattered, and everything is in a hurry. If the Han troops come out of nowhere, and they are destroyed in one place, then
The ups and downs are trembling, but even a wise man cannot make plans for Wu."
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty, Huan Wen and Liu Yu regained Sichuan with the help of Ping Li Shi and Jiao Zong respectively, so that the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were protected. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sichuan was occupied by Li Te, a Badi people. The Han Dynasty established by Li's regime lasted until the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of Jin Yonghe (345), Huan Wen was appointed as the governor of Jingzhou. Jiang Xia Prime Minister Yuan Qiao suggested that Heng Wen attack Shu: "Today, Hu and Shu are the only two bandits who are suffering from the world. Although Shu is dangerous and solid, it is weaker than Hu. If you want to get rid of them,
It is better to change the land first. The land of Shu is rich and has many people. Zhuge Wuhou can use it to fight against the Zhongxia. If he can get it, it will be a great benefit to the country." Huan Wen then led his army to attack Shu and regain Yizhou.
On the eve of Fu Jian's battle against Jin, the former Qin Dynasty had captured Hanzhong, Yizhou and Xiangyang, and was preparing to attack Jin from Yizhou, Jingxiang and Jianghuai. The upstream defense line of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was under tremendous pressure; Huan Chong, who was responsible for the upstream defense in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, tried to use
He counterattacked Xiangyang and Yizhou to destroy the offensive preparations of the former Qin Dynasty, but failed. After the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin Dynasty collapsed, and Huan Chong took advantage of the situation to regain Yizhou.
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yizhou was again separatist by Jiao Zong. Liu Yu sent Liu Jingyi and Zhu Lingshi to Sichuan twice before regaining Yizhou, ensuring the integrity of the situation in the south of the Yangtze River. From then on, the north and the south attacked each other in the Liangyi area.
However, after the "Hou Jing's Rebellion", Yuwentai of the Western Wei Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife between Xiao Yi and Xiao Ji brothers of Liang Dynasty. He believed that "to gain benefits and control Liang, he would send troops to attack Yizhou and Jingxiang in one fell swoop", and the south gradually became unfavorable.
, even the maintenance of peace is in danger
The Southern Song Dynasty was in confrontation with the Jin Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty mainly relied on the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Jingxiang-Jianghuai line to form the "Changshan Snake Trend". With Sichuan and Shaanxi on the inside and outside, they jointly maintained the upstream trend. Sichuan served as both the southeast and upstream barrier and the backing of the Gansu-Shaanxi front line.
This situation lasted until the period of confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia. During the period of the Mongolian Ogedai Khan, a large-scale attack on Sichuan destroyed both Sichuan. The Southern Song Dynasty relied on the famous general Yu Jie to defend Shu well, and the upper reaches were not shaken at all. Meng Ge
During the Khan period, Meng Ge realized that in order to break the river defense system of the Southern Song Dynasty, he had to start from the upper reaches, so he personally led the troops to attack Sichuan. He even went to the Diaoyu City in Hezhou to command the siege. As a result, he was seriously injured by artillery stones and died. The Mongolian army died due to the Great Khan.
Withdrew to the north, the Southern Song Dynasty was able to continue to settle in the south of the Yangtze River
If Sichuan were controlled by a separate separatist regime, the pressure on the southeast would be relatively lighter. However, Sichuan as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Guanzhong as the upper reaches of the Yellow River are so close to each other, and Sichuan is far away from the southeast, separated by the dangerous Three Gorges.
The connection is so fragile that any opportunity that arises in Sichuan is difficult to be exploited by the north. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, after Xingluan of the Northern Wei Dynasty captured Liangzhou, he asked Yizhou to be omitted, saying: "Yangzhou and Chengdu are thousands of miles away from each other, and the land route is endless.
, only the waterway is available, the navy moves westward, and there is no external military aid except for the anniversary. There is only one plan." This is to see the unfavorable situation of the regime based in the southeast in Sichuan
Therefore, although Sichuan is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and is of great significance to the southeast, in the competition between the north and the south for Sichuan, the north is mostly successful. Usually, the success of the north in Sichuan is the beginning of the fall of the south. This is what Gu Yanwu said "in the past"
Anyone who establishes a country in the south must first lose Shu, and then endanger his servants."
