"Brazil's economy is so deformed, how can it put the country's mainstay on the coffee trade?"
Tang Ning looked at the domestic information about Brazil collected by Ronaldo, and took a deep breath when she saw that Brazil's domestic economic pillar actually relies on coffee planting and coffee trade.
"Master, are you saying that the mainstay of Brazil is the coffee industry? This is too dangerous."
Charlotte, who was born in the industrial country of Luxembourg, has been in Brazil for three days and knows that this country is second only to the United States on the American continent.
But from what I have seen and heard in the past few days, I have found that this country cannot be compared with the United States at all, and is far behind in all aspects.
Now, when Tangning said that Brazil's economy is the coffee industry, she was also confused. This is too dangerous.
Such a big country has no decent industry at all, but relies on coffee agriculture and trade. Is this any different from those colonies in Africa?
"Even Charlotte, you can see that Brazil has major problems, which shows how incompetent and short-sighted the upper echelons of Brazil are."
A large country with an area of 8 million square kilometers, with a population that is about to reach the 30 million mark, is supported by agriculture, and the agricultural points are still very single. This is really unimaginable to Tang Ning.
"What are these people at the top doing? Can't they see the country's economic problems?
If you have money, you can do whatever you want. Britain and France bought coffee and turned the country into a coffee kingdom to cater to them, but what's the use of occupying half of the market share?
Now there is another latex to develop the rubber industry. Brazil is a big rubber country and the birthplace of rubber. When the market chooses rubber, the demand increases greatly. I react and invest in it. This is too lack of market vision.
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It is exactly what Britain and France want? What will Brazil choose for agriculture? No wonder Britain and France, although they do not have the extra power to control Brazil, can control their influence on Brazil through simple agricultural and economic means."
What is a backward agricultural producer? A country with a single economy? A country with a colonized economy?
Brazil is a typical representative.
The upper echelons of Brazil and Argentina are simply a bunch of rubbish. They are far away from the UK and France, but they are hung up on a simple economic model and have no vision for development.
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, what are the ABC powers? Countries that can easily choke their economic lungs if they are pinched. It is no wonder that they will not be able to succeed in the future.
"Master, is there no way to make money in developing industry in Brazil?"
Charlotte asked Tangning a little confused.
"For such a big country, there should be great potential for industrial development! Just like the United States."
"This country certainly has potential for industrial development. Britain, France, and the United States are so far away from Brazil, and the price of transporting industrial products in is not cheap.
Our family has opened some factories in the state of Sao Paulo, using European technology, which is actually no different from British and French products. Because there is no import, export and freight, industrial products sell very well."
Tang Ning knew that Brazil was suitable for industrial development and had the soil for industrial development. He believed that some of the upper echelons of Brazil should also be able to see it.
But these upper-class people are suffering from the Brazilian disease one by one and are used to making money while lying down. There must be a way for industrial development.
These upper-class people in Brazil are just rubbish when it comes to Europe and the United States, and they have no status at all.
These people want to get real industrial technology and open factories in Brazil, but the steps are too troublesome.
Someone must have tried it, but after trying it and finding difficulties, how can you open a factory? Just sit back and make money.
The Brazilian upper class has no long-term vision and finds it difficult to develop its own industry. There is no way to make quick money like the coffee trade, so there will be no investment in industry.
"Brazil started out as a plantation industry. Britain and France created a hugely profitable coffee trade for them, and the upper class in Brazil were hooked.
To develop industry, you also need to have a way. These Brazilian upper class can have status in Brazil, but in Europe, no one takes them seriously.
Industry is very expensive. If they want to develop industry, they can't stand the complexity and upfront investment.
Brazil's decent industries are all located in the three southern states, with capital from Germany. Although the scale of the industry is small, the products are cheap and there is no need to worry about selling them.
Brazilians in the south really have different perspectives from those in the north. No wonder the people there are proud of the German Empire and look down on Brazil."
After reading the information about Brazil, as a top student who graduated with a doctorate in applied economics and anthropology, I still can’t see the problem in Brazil.
Brazil has the potential to develop industry, but the upper echelons of Brazil have suffered from the Dutch disease and have no desire to develop industry at all.
"Look at Brazil! Without Braganza, the industries we could still see before were completely ruined by the Republicans.
How can it still look like a country if everyone is involved in coffee cultivation and trade?"
Today's Brazil is simply a large agricultural company, and the company's products are single. What consequences will this lead to?
It goes without saying!
"A country that produces agriculture and raw materials is terrible. A country that produces unipolar agriculture and raw materials is pitiful and sad. Life and death are controlled by others."
Since the founding of the Republic, Brazil has scrapped all the little industries it could see before and devoted itself to plantation one by one, reversing the course of history.
Tangning's judgment was actually correct. Brazil, which controlled the agricultural economy, was the dog of Britain and France. Later, Britain and France relaxed their control over Brazil due to war issues, and the United States took advantage of it and became its master.
Brazil, with the coffee industry as its backbone, is simply a piece of fat meat that is easy to handle. Brazil participated in World War I and World War II because it was controlled by the United States, France and the United States.
Historically, Brazil has been taken turns as the master by Britain, France and the United States. This is entirely because Brazil itself did it. They overturned the reforms of the Kingdom of Brazil.
The Kingdom of Brazil's industrialization attempt was abolished by the Republic itself, and it was their own choice to move towards agriculture.
On November 15, 1889, Brazil transformed from a monarchy to a republic. Although the social economy developed later, the economic model experienced serious regression.
The upper echelons of the Republic of Brazil gave up the industrialization attempts of the Kingdom of Brazil. The semi-feudal large land ownership system has not changed. On the contrary, it still exists widely and expanded.
According to the census data of September 1920, 461 large landowner estates accounting for 0.1% of the production units owned more than 27 million hectares of land, while the 464,000 small and medium-sized agricultural production units accounting for 71.5% of the production units only had 15.7 million hectares of land, 50
More than % of farmers have no land or lack of land.
Although the data was obtained late under the rule of the Brazilian Republic, it can to a certain extent reflect Brazil's agricultural problems at that time and how poor people's lives were, which was inversely proportional to the Kingdom of Brazil.
The economy of the Republic is linked to the backward large-scale land ownership system, and agriculture is completely dependent on the single-crop model of the colonial period.
Since the mid-19th century, coffee has replaced sugar cane as the most important crop in Brazilian agriculture. By the beginning of the 20th century, Brazil's coffee production accounted for more than 75% of the world's total production.
Correspondingly, in order to ensure the development of agriculture, coffee has long suppressed the development of some national capitalism, which has made Brazil very weak in the industrial field. It only has relatively complete capabilities in mining, steelmaking, and the processing of agricultural products such as coffee and latex.
Industrial sector.
In contrast, there is the long-standing "coffee and milk" policy of the United States of Brazil - that is, the president of the United States is usually composed of Republicans representing the interests of large coffee planters such as Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Bahia, and Republicans representing the interests of large cattle ranchers.
Nasgerais Republicans take turns.
In order to control the political power, the oligarchs of agricultural and pastoral landowners in several states fought and fought with each other. Once they were in power, they often ignored the interests of the country and the nation and only represented the interests of the large landowners in their own states. This also led to the separation of states.
ism and localism are prevalent.
Such a political form made Brazil very vulnerable to invasion by imperialist forces. At this time, Brazil was just in the era of large-scale imperialist enslavement of colonies and semi-colonies, and foreign capital poured into Brazil like a tide.
On the eve of World War I, France's investment in Brazil was US$530 million, Belgium's investment was US$150 million, the United States' investment was US$50 million, and the United Kingdom's investment reached an astonishing US$1.161 billion.
From 1895 to 1914, Britain first provided more than ten loans to Brazil, totaling more than 80 million pounds; France provided 5 loans to Brazil from 1806 to 1916, totaling more than 300 million francs. Imperialism
Through capital export, they have completely controlled Brazil’s politics and economy.
Therefore, Brazil's foreign policy before World War I was a very moderate policy. They hoped to seek a balance among the major powers and ensure that they could obtain economic benefits from all countries.
So when the first Maison d'état broke out, Brazil officially declared neutrality on August 4, 1914 in accordance with the Hague Convention. He was worried that rashly participating in the war would cause a breakup with his business partners.<
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With the outbreak of the war, the main buyers of Brazilian coffee, the Europeans, no longer have the ability to continue this kind of consumption. Not only is Germany's maritime blockade, but even the United Kingdom and France have announced that they will stop their coffee trade, because this will lead to
Their fleet had to allocate part of it to coffee instead of scarce living supplies or munitions.
The resulting unsaleable coffee and reduction in tariffs and export taxes have dealt a big blow to Brazil's economy, which has aroused dissatisfaction among the Brazilian people, especially under the guidance of public opinion with ulterior motives from Britain, France and the government.
Anti-moral sentiment is running high.
On May 3, 1916, the Brazilian merchant ship Rio Branco was sunk by a German submarine. This triggered a very serious anti-German riot in Brazil. People took to the streets, demonstrated, and clamored to let the Germans go.
Blood debts are paid with blood, but the Brazilian government obviously has not considered this. In addition, this unlucky merchant ship was in restricted waters announced by Germany, flying the British flag, and the majority of the crew were Norwegians, so Brazil
The government ultimately did not join the war.
It’s not that the Brazilian government doesn’t want to participate, but it has its own ideas. They are preparing to get more from Britain and France.
It is obvious here that the economic problems caused by the war were not the most important reason for Brazil's participation in the war. Otherwise, the Brazilian government would not have consciously carried out public opinion-oriented propaganda at the beginning of the war.
Moreover, the economic blow caused by the war was not as serious as that of some other countries, and it was far from being able to force Brazil into war. Brazil did not participate in the war until 1916, largely because it itself was not very
Strong willingness to participate in the war.
Having said that, Brazil has long made plans to participate in the war, and what he is prepared to support is the Anglo-French Allied Powers Group, which has close economic and trade contacts with him. However, the situation of the war is still unclear at this time, and Brazil is not yet sure of participating in the war.
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Brazil hopes that as the leading power in South America, it should participate in a war between the European powers to gain the respect of the European powers and gain their recognition of Brazil's strength. Brazil can naturally become a great power in South America after the war.
partners to enhance their influence in South America.
Moreover, participating in the war will also allow Brazil to keep up with the times and grasp the direction of war and military development, so as not to fall behind militarily.
In 1917, the situation of the war became clear. On April 5, the Brazilian merchant ship Parana was sunk by a German submarine in full compliance with the navigation requirements of a neutral country. Three Brazilians died.
After the news spread back to the country a few days later, several larger-scale demonstrations immediately broke out in the capital Rio de Janeiro, and Brazil's Minister of Foreign Relations Lauro Mueller was forced to resign because of his German ancestry.
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In Porto Gregori, in the three southern states of Brazil, the demonstration was even more violent.
The Brazilians, who had long been dissatisfied with the Germans, took advantage of Germany's fall into war and began to take revenge.
A parade of thousands of demonstrators began to attack the German immigrant community in the city, smashing and burning everything related to Germany on the streets.
Under the pressure of the masses, Brazil took a move that would normally seem risky on April 11 - severing diplomatic relations with Germany
On May 20, 1917, the freighter Tijuca was sunk by a German submarine off the coast of France. On the 22nd, the Lapa was also torpedoed by a German submarine. In the following months, Brazil took countermeasures
, detained 42 German merchant ships in Brazilian ports.
On October 23, 1917, the conflict escalated again. The Brazilian freighter Macau was sunk by a German submarine, and several crew members, including the captain, were detained by the German navy.
Because the United States had already participated in the war, Brazil knew very well that once it participated, the outcome would be unsuspicious, so on October 26, 1917, Brazil officially declared war on the Allied Powers.
After declaring war, Brazil immediately expanded its military. In the past, every move Brazil made in the military would be questioned by Britain and France, but now it has reasonable reasons for its military expansion.
The Brazilian army expanded to 54,000 people, but the expeditionary force sent by Brazil to France only had 24 people. It was more of an inspection team than an expeditionary force. They came to France in the summer of 1918 to conduct
The study of military technology, including Joseph Cavalcante, an important theorist and reformer of the Brazilian army in the future.
Compared with the Brazilian Army's paddling, the Brazilian Navy, which is actually on the water, assumes a relatively greater responsibility.
On January 30, 1918, Brazil officially announced that it would form a naval task force to participate in the war. The naval task force was initially responsible for conducting operations in the Atlantic waters of the African coast around Dakar, from Gibraltar in the north to Cape Verde in the south.
Patrol.
On August 3, 1918, the Maceio was sunk by the German submarine U-43. This was the only warship of the Brazilian naval task force sunk during the war.
On August 9, while the fleet was undergoing repairs in Freetown, Sierra Leone, it was infected with the Spanish influenza. On the evening of August 25, while the fleet was sailing from Freetown to Dakar, it was attacked by a German submarine.
, but this time the German torpedoes failed to hit even a single shot. The Brazilian Navy fought back and successfully destroyed a German submarine.
However, while undergoing repairs in Dakar, the fleet was once again infected with the Spanish Flu, which this time claimed the lives of more than a hundred sailors. This also caused the Brazilian Navy to repair here for nearly two months.
These unexpected episodes were coupled with the wrangling at the Allied Naval Headquarters over what mission the Brazilian naval task force should perform (France wanted them to come to France, Italy wanted them to come to the Mediterranean, and the United States wanted them to fight with the United States).
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This eventually led to the naval task force, which did not receive clear and real combat orders until November 1918. Not long after they arrived in Gibraltar, the war ended.
At the same time, the Navy also dispatched a group of pilots to Europe. Unlike other countries, Brazil already has some pilots who can fly directly, so in addition to some people going to study, some also joined the Royal Air Force to perform combat missions.
.
Brazil has also dispatched a medical mission to Europe, which consists of 86 doctors and some administrative staff, as well as a security platoon responsible for security (this platoon has more people than the so-called expeditionary force).
They were formed on August 18 and landed in Marseille on September 24. They were stationed in Paris and were mainly responsible for treating patients of the Spanish Flu, so as to free up more experienced French doctors to serve the wounded soldiers.<
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At the Paris Peace Conference, Brazil received permission to retain more than 70 ships seized from the Allied Powers during the war, and Brazil merged these ships into the Brazilian Merchant Marine.
At the same time, Brazil was also promised that it would receive financial compensation for the merchant ships and their cargo lost due to the German naval attack.
Of course, the more profound impact of World War I on Brazil may be reflected in the economy. At the beginning, with the sharp decline in latex and coffee exports, the Brazilian government had to abandon part of agriculture and develop industry. This caused Brazil to experience unprecedented industrial development.
.
After the war, the number of factories in Brazil tripled and the number of workers doubled.
However, as British capital and French capital were forced to tighten, American capital took advantage of the situation and hit it off with the Brazilian government, which was seeking to restore pre-war agricultural interests. The United States took the opportunity to become the main controller of the Brazilian economy.
Judging from historical experience and lessons, Brazil has never had a clear plan, and economic development has always been for the sake of profit.
Because of the pursuit of profit, Brazil was first controlled by Britain and France. Later, when they wanted to transform their industries, the United States took advantage of it and became an economic colony of the United States.
Tangning sees the future of history and wants to change Brazilian history. It is not easy because even the so-called base state of Sao Paulo also has large-scale agriculture.
The coffee industry in Sao Paulo State is getting more and more prosperous, and Braganza has also invested in it. It can be said that Tangning has also been tied to a small part of the coffee truck.
This chapter has been completed!