After the demise of the Dai Kingdom, a flame was left behind - Tuoba Gui, Tuoba Gui's posthumous son. Tuoba Gui was only six years old when the country was destroyed.
It is recorded that:
Fu Jian planned to move Emperor Daowu Tuobagui to Chang'an. Considering that Emperor Daowu was young and weak, Yanfeng repeatedly pleaded with Fu Jian: "The emperor died at the beginning, and the ministers divorced or rebelled. The grandsons left behind are young and have no
Enable people to assist. Liu Kuren, the leader of the other tribes in the country, is brave and resourceful, and Tiefu Weichen is cunning, so they cannot be allowed to hold power alone. The subordinates should be divided into two parts and let them lead separately.
The two have always had a deep hatred. With this balance of power, no one can be the first to attack. It can be said to be the best way to defend against border troubles! When Dai Wang's grandson grows up, you can save Dai Kingdom and make him the king. This is Your Majesty's plan.
What a great kindness and virtue for the restoration of a fallen country!" Fu Jian agreed, and Yanfeng immediately returned to Dai.
I feel that this record is untrue. The first part is easy to understand, but the second part talks about the restoration of the country after the fall of the country. Fu Jian had a lot of shit in his head before he allowed the country to be restored and then came to compete with him for the world. In short, he just doesn’t understand.
What did Jian think, he did not kill Tuoba Gui, but handed him and his mother Helan to Liu Kuren.
Not only was Tuoba Gui not killed, but Shi Yijian's other descendants who were still alive were not killed either.
Liu Kuren, whose real name was Dugu Mogen, was from the Dugu tribe of Xianbei. As mentioned earlier, he was the nephew of Shi Yijian.
According to historical records, this person was a very loyal person. Liu Kuren served Tuoba Gui's mother and son with all his heart, never changed his moral integrity by abandoning his career, comforted and accepted the displaced people, and was very famous for his kindness and trustworthiness.
With such people, Tuoba Gui and her son lived a pretty good life.
Xun often gave things to Tuoba Gui and her son in the name of Ning Yan, and of course Liu Kuren could not be left out. Everyone thought that she valued love and justice, and she was still concerned about Tuoba Gui after Shi Yijian passed away.
Hyun hid from Ning Yu and hid in Le Zhengyuan's yard. Le Zhengyuan called Wang Bi over, and the three of them drank some wine and chatted.
As he talked, he started talking about Tuoba Gui.
Wang Bi asked Hyun:
"Master Zhuo, tell us why you are so nice to Tuoba Gui and his son?"
Hyun raised his glass and said:
"I value love and righteousness, and take care of Shi Yijian's direct grandson."
Wang Bi waved his hand:
"Don't come here! Fu Jian didn't kill all the descendants of Shi Yijian. There are many descendants who survived. Why don't you see you being kind to others?"
Le Zhengyuan answered:
"That is, the father is the father and the son is the son. You know the difference very clearly. How can you be so kind to a stranger you have never met? Others don't know you, but we know you very well."
Hyun looked at them and sighed, pretending to be melancholy and said:
"Can't you just take it as what the rumors say? At least let me be a good person."
Seeing that not only did the two of them not talk to each other, but they also acted like it won't work if you don't explain why, I had no choice but to say:
"People will become stronger and tougher in hardships, and they will think of any way to survive. Tuoba Gui lost his father when he was young, and later his country was destroyed. Such an experience destined him to have many hardships in the future, and he was still the prince Tuoba Gui.
My son, I feel that the hope for the future restoration of the country lies in him, so now I am showing my good will in advance for Kun Yuguo."
The two of them were stunned for a while, and Le Zhengyuan asked:
"You are betting, what if you lose?"
Hyun swallowed the wine in his mouth and said:
"If you lose, you lose. The worst thing you can do is lose some supplies. There will be no loss to Kunyu Country. But what if you win?"
The two of them were calculating quickly in their minds. If they won, the benefits to Kun Yu Country would be beyond what those materials could compare with.
Just as he was calculating the gains and losses, a servant came to report that King Yi was coming. As if there were springs in the soles of his feet, he jumped up and ran into the house. Halfway through, he jumped back and put his bowls, chopsticks and wine glass in his sleeves, turned around and returned. He jumped into the house, making the two of them laugh loudly.
Wang Bi wiped his tears and said:
"It's true that one thing brings down another thing."
As soon as he finished speaking, Ning Yan's figure appeared in his field of vision.
Ning Fang couldn't find Hyun anywhere. He estimated that he was at Le Zhengyuan or Wang Bi's place, so he looked for her, but there were only two people there. But she was already here and couldn't leave right away. In Le Zhengyuan's greeting, He had no choice but to sit down, and Le Zhengyuan ordered more food and wine.
Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, was considered a good emperor who worked hard to govern.
There is no legal system among the grassland peoples. As I have said several times before, trust is relied on among the grassland tribes, trust is also relied on between the tribesmen and their ministers, and the tribal chiefs rule a tribe solely by personal charm. But it is different in the Central Plains. To rule a country, personal charm plays a certain role, but compared to the grassland, this proportion is much smaller.
During Fu Jian's reign, there was a very important person - Prime Minister Wang Meng.
When Huan Wen attacked Qin and reached Ba Shang, Wang Meng had a meeting with Huan Wen. When Huan Wen withdrew, he wanted Wang Meng to go with him, probably because he promised a river bank, but Wang Meng refused, saying: "I and I Huan Wen cannot work together in one place. Why travel far away when you can be rich here?"
Judging from subsequent developments, Wang Meng's refusal at that time was correct.
The historical evaluation of Huan Wen seems to be good, but Xiong Xiong dislikes this person very much, just like a stick that stirs shit. The battles he fought were not for promotion to the imperial family, but just to increase his reputation through these battles. From Wang Meng and Wang Meng It can be seen in his dialogue:
Huan Wen asked Wang Meng: "I was ordered by the emperor to lead a hundred thousand elite troops to fight against the rebels and eliminate harm for the people, but no heroes from the Three Qin Dynasties came. What's the reason?"
Wang Meng answered bluntly:
"You traveled thousands of miles deep into the northern border, but the city of Chang'an is very close at hand, but you didn't cross the Ba River to capture it. People couldn't understand your thoughts, so they refused to come."
Huan Wen's idea was that by restoring Guanzhong, he would only gain a false reputation, but the territory would fall to the Jin court. Instead of consuming his strength and losing the advantage in competing with the imperial court, it was better to stay with the enemy and respect himself.
Therefore, wherever he hit, he hit with the front foot and lost with the back foot, because this was not what he wanted. But on the surface, he still hit many places, used the country's resources, and established many achievements for himself, and even more in his later years. He respected himself as a soldier, deposed the emperor, and even forced the court to accept his nine gifts, thereby seizing power.
These are also what the imperial court is used to.
In the first year of Jianyuan (343), the imperial court appointed Huan Wen as the vanguard governor. During the holidays, he was asked to lead his troops to guard Linhuai (now Xuyi, Jiangsu) and assist Jingzhou governor Yu Yi in his northern expedition. In October of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to Xuzhou governor. He also oversaw the military affairs of the three states of Qing, Xu, and Yanzhou. He had a good relationship with Yu Yi and had agreed to help the world together.
He said this, but he didn't know what he was thinking in his heart. Only a person like Huan Wen could not believe that he could have the ambition to help the world together with others.
Later, Yu Yi died of illness. Before his death, he asked his son Yu Yuanzhi to take over Jingzhou. However, the assistant minister He Chong recommended Huan Wen. Danyang Yin and Liu Xun believed that Huan Wen was indeed a genius, but he was also ambitious and could not be allowed to control Jingzhou's victory. He suggested that Sima Yu, King of Kuaiji, take over Jingzhou on his own, but Sima Yu refused to adopt it.
Who is Sima Yu? Emperor Jian Wen, the eighth emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had not yet become emperor at this time, but he also saw Huan Wen's ambitions and recommended Yin Hao and other celebrities to assist the government in an attempt to counter Huan Wen, who was becoming increasingly authoritative.
However, I don’t know whether it was Sima Yu who had poor vision or Yin Hao who was too useless. Not only did he fail to help Sima Yu, but he was abolished by Huan Wen because of the Northern Expedition.
However, judging from Sima Yu's rejection, Huan Wen at that time could make a royal family fearful, and he might have gained considerable power.
So in August of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to General of Anxi, governor of Jingzhou, governor of Jingsi Yongyi, Liangning, and the six states of Liang and Ning.
After the pacification of Shu, the imperial court rewarded him for his contribution to the pacification of Shu. He wanted to make Huan Wen the Duke of Yuzhang County, but was dissuaded by Shangshu Zuocheng Xunrui. In the end, Huan Wen was named the General of the Expedition to the West. He opened the Yitong Sansi and Linhe County.
male.
Huan Wen's power has gradually emerged, and Sima Yu has invited foreign aid to suppress his power. The court actually wants to make him the Duke of Yuzhang County. I really don't know what it thinks.
At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were many opinions on how to implement feudalism. Among them, Liu Song, an official in the Western Jin Dynasty and a legal scholar, said when discussing the pros and cons of feudalism:
"If a state has appointed ministers, it will be peaceful; if it has important ministers, it will be in chaos. If the foundation of the country is not deep and there is no support to support it, then the so-called appointive ministers will turn into important ministers."
What does it mean? That is to say, when the country has capable ministers, it is stable, but once there are important ministers with great power, the country will fall into chaos. The country has just been established (here refers to the Western Jin Dynasty), the foundation is not deep, and
If there is no one who can take on important responsibilities to solidify its foundation, then the so-called appointed ministers will turn into important ministers.
Lu Simian also pointed out that the reason for the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty was not the adoption of the real feudal system, but the heavy burden of appointing clan kings.
When dealing with Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they developed Ren Chen into an important minister.
Except for Huan Wen, there was no one else in the court who could be appointed. The reputation and prestige gradually focused on Huan Wen, and Huan Wen himself was ambitious. Now that the external conditions are gradually maturing, how can there be any reason not to take power?
Afterwards, Huan Wen took advantage of Yin Hao's failure in the Northern Expedition to impeach him, forcing the court to depose Yin Hao as a "commoner". There was no one in these courts who could restrain Huan Wen. From then on, all power inside and outside the court belonged to Huan Wen.
No one in the DPRK could stop Huan Wen's Northern Expedition.
After that, Huan Wen conducted three Northern Expeditions:
The First Conquest of the Former Qin Dynasty has been discussed before, so I won’t repeat it here.
Attack Yao Xiang for the second time. Yao Xiang was the son of Yao Gezhong mentioned before, and the brother of Yao Chang who founded the Later Qin Dynasty.
He initially submitted to the Later Zhao Dynasty with his father, and then submitted to the Eastern Jin Dynasty after his father's death. He was squeezed out by Yin Hao and led his troops back to the north. It was for this reason that Huan Wen attacked Yao Xiang and defeated him.
Not only did he defeat Yao Xiang, he also regained Luoyang, which further expanded Huan Wen's power.
The imperial court was afraid, and on the grounds that Jiaozhou and Guangzhou were remote, Huan Wen was removed from the post of governor of Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, and was appointed governor of the two prefectures of Jiaozhou and Guangzhou.
He was appointed Minister of Records and summoned to the court to participate in political affairs. Huan Wen excused himself on the grounds that the Central Plains had not yet been restored, and later resigned from the post of Minister of Records and took the post of Yangzhou pastor.
You see, Huan Wen was also very smart and refused all possibilities of being bound by the imperial court.
After he captured Luoyang, he fled soon after. He gained a reputation by borrowing the resources of the Jin Dynasty, and he didn't care about the territory of the Jin Dynasty. The regained Sili, Yuzhou, Qingzhou, Yanzhou and other places fell again.
He was preparing to launch another Northern Expedition, but he gave up because of the death of Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty.
Three expeditions to Qianyan.
Xi Chao suggested that Huan Wen lead all his troops to attack Yecheng, the capital of the former Yan state, or to hold on to the river, control water transportation, and save food until next summer to continue the attack. He believed that if the battle was not decided quickly, when the war was delayed until autumn and winter, the water volume would decrease.
Under the objective conditions of early cooling in the north, it will be more difficult for the Jin army to maintain its strength.
Perhaps Huan Wen was arrogant. At this time, Huan Wen's power had grown. He felt that someone who was so awesome didn't need to listen to other people's suggestions. No matter what the reason, Huan Wen didn't listen.
In the end, as Xi Chao said, the war dragged on into autumn, but Huan Wen and others never opened the Shimen Waterway, which led to the Jin army running out of supplies and Huan Wen withdrawing his troops.
However, the former Yan fierce general Murong Chui led eight thousand cavalry to pursue him, and Huan Wen was defeated.
After the defeat, Huan Wen put all the responsibilities on Yuan Zhen, who was ordered to open the Shimen Waterway. The court not only did not dare to blame Huan Wen, but also sent condolence wine.
Of course Yuan Zhen refused to accept it, and rebelled in Shouchun (now southwest of Shouxian County, Anhui), and secretly colluded with the former Qin and the former Yan. After Yuan Zhen died of illness, his son Yuan Jin was supported, and the former Yan and the former Qin also sent reinforcements
.
However, Shouchun was still defeated. Huan Wen captured Yuan Jin and sent Yuan Jin, Zhu Fu and dozens of members of their clan to Jiankang to be beheaded. Yuan Jin's wife and daughter were rewarded with soldiers, and hundreds of begging soldiers were supported by them.
Buried alive.
I really feel sorry for the Yuan family and his son. What did they do wrong? Huan Wen treated them, his son and their families so cruelly and subordinately. I really don’t understand what the historical praise of Huan Wen is based on.
From then on, Yuzhou completely fell into the hands of Huan Wen. Huan Wen held the key to entering Jiankang.
That is to say, after Huan Wen captured Shouchun, he placed a sharp sword beside the bed in the Jin Dynasty.
From the Battle of Shouchun, it can also be seen that Huan Wen spared no effort to seize areas that were advantageous to him.
Huan Wen originally planned to launch the Northern Expedition, hoping to establish meritorious service first, then return to the court to accept Jiuxi, and then seize power. However, due to the failure of the third Northern Expedition, his reputation was greatly reduced, and his plan failed.
So, come on hard.
After the Battle of Shouchun, Huan Wen directly led troops into the court and threatened the Empress Dowager Chu to dethrone Sima Yi. He falsely claimed that Sima Yi was infertile due to impotence, so he asked his favorite minister Xiang Long to have an affair with a beauty in the harem, so Zhu Jiongbao and others had an affair.
After giving birth to a third son, he pretended to be a prince and established him as the king. Empress Dowager Chu had to gather hundreds of officials in the court and issue an edict to depose Sima Yi as King of the East China Sea. After that, Huan Wen personally led hundreds of officials to the prince's residence in Kuaiji to welcome Sima Yu into the court and support him.
As emperor, he was Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty and changed to Xian'an in the Yuan Dynasty. (To be continued)
This chapter has been completed!