In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Northern Expedition commanded by Xie An was originally very successful and pushed the northern territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the area south of the Yellow River. However, after Huan Wen, Sima Daozi, who ruled the court as a dictatorship, was taboo about the Xie family's high achievements, and the court proposed "conscripting conscripts" It has been a long time, so it is better to set up a garrison and return." Xie Xuan was ordered to return to Huaiyin, and in the end the Northern Expedition failed.
Hey! Hey! Hey! This damn intrigue!
We could have taken advantage of the chaos in the north after Fu Jian's death to regain our homeland, but...although there was regret, it was just a pity for Xie An and his son. The Jin Dynasty had already been corrupted during the Western Jin Dynasty, and it was still able to survive for so long in the south. , it’s really amazing.
As mentioned many times before, the gentry flourished during the Jin Dynasty and were able to influence the imperial power. However, the gentry preferred upright officials with "idle jobs and heavy duties" and important positions close to the emperor, and looked down upon those with low status and complicated affairs. Zhuoguan, in fact, compared to Qingguan, Zhuoguan has more real power. This is probably the reason why the founding emperors of the four Southern Dynasties were all Han clan.
In the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, the gentry became even more extravagant, reaching the point where "they would ride in a car when they went out, and someone would help them when they came home. No one rode a horse in the entire town."
This phenomenon continued throughout the Southern Dynasties.
The gentry looked down on the Han people. Even the founding emperor and the royal family were still ridiculed by them. It was not until the Sui and Tang Dynasties that the imperial examination system developed from the "Nine Ranks Zhongzheng System" appeared, and the gentry and clan politics were completely eliminated.
Lu Simian pointed out that the demise of the gentry was not entirely due to the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, but because the gentry's livelihood was increasingly difficult. Therefore, the gentry and the common people had common genealogy, and the number of intermarriages gradually increased.
Before this, the gentry did not intermarry with the common people, let alone the common people. The result of intermarriage and common genealogy was that the "gentry" class became less and less obvious. The imperial examination system was probably the last thing that broke the camel's back. A straw.
At that time, when migrating southward, some people would go together with relatives from their clans, and some local wealthy families would call their friends to go with them. Therefore, each migrating army, numbering in the thousands, would help each other, support each other, and establish rules and regulations.
Everyone can imagine what a spectacular scene it is. The end and end are not facing each other, and it probably stretches for several kilometers.
After the northern tribes moved south, they occupied vast areas of fertile land, demarcated areas, and closed mountains and rivers to hide the population.
No wonder the North and the South were incompatible, and they thought it was just a political reason. From this point of view, I am afraid that in the eyes of southerners at that time, the people migrating from the north were not people, but locusts.
Power is something that will disappear if you move to another place. Therefore, those who were able to gain a foothold in the south at that time were actually those who were in power at the time, while the rest were increasingly embarrassed.
After that, the imperial court implemented Tuduan (a policy implemented by the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties to organize household registration and adjust local administrative divisions to solve the problem of overseas resettlement). Over time, the relationship between the overseas residents and the locals became increasingly close. Due to geographical, customs and other reasons , the prejudice and other barriers caused by it are gradually dissipating.
The gentry class disappeared, but the gentry culture remained in Chinese culture.
For example, pursuing ethereal magnificence and splendor.
The "metaphysics" brought to the south by the southern migrations was reduced to the pursuit of beauty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The pursuit of rhetorical splendor without regard to its essence became a means of becoming an official.
"Metaphysics" has changed from the pure and pure in the Wei and Jin Dynasties to a dirty look, and the contradictions between various classes have become more acute.
At this time, someone needs to come forward to end this corruption, at least to end the political corruption first.
In 420, Liu Yu appeared! In fact, he had appeared long ago.
Do you still remember Liu Yu? He was a general who joined forces with other generals to drive Huan Wen's son Huan Xuan out of Jiankang. He took advantage of the chaos to replace Jin and established the "Song" dynasty, known as Liu Song in history, which was the first dynasty of the Southern Dynasty.
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The Jin Dynasty was completely destroyed, and the south entered the Southern Dynasties period of "Southern and Northern Dynasties".
The responsibility for the decline of the Jin Dynasty does not lie with Jia Nanfeng, nor with Jin Hui Emperor Sima Zhong, but with Jin Wu Emperor Sima Yan who established the Western Jin Dynasty.
Lu Simian's evaluation of Sima Yan was: using Chinese materials to get involved in troubled times.
What does Zhongcai mean? Medium talent. If it were a peaceful era, it would be okay for Zhongcai to be the emperor, but Sima Yan was living in troubled times.
The person who replaced Cao Wei and established the Jin Kingdom was not Sima Yi or Sima Zhao, but Sima Yan. Although it was impossible for Sima Yan to replace Cao Wei without the pavement of Sima Yi and Sima Zhao, Sima Yan had to face many problems of dynasty change.
Sima Yan implemented some decrees, such as:
He warned the county planners, prime ministers, and commanders: They must try their best to adapt to local conditions and prohibit those who eat without working and traders; they ordered the officials at home and abroad to promote upright and capable people and promote the poor. After that, he repeatedly issued edicts to promote talents.
They also tried to increase the salaries of officials, probably to prevent corruption.
After Wu was defeated, he immediately settled the household structure, stopped military service, and went to the prefectures and counties to serve as soldiers.
It seems to be making a difference too.
However, the top priority at this time was not legislation, but administration; it was not the frequency of documents used to issue orders, but the severity of supervision. Unfortunately, Sima Yan did not grasp the key point.
Sima Yan did not treat those who should be treated leniently, and did not punish those who should be severely punished. The disadvantages of this were huge.
For example, although a ban on luxury was issued, when Sima Yan was building the Ancestral Temple, he went to Jingzhou to get wood and Huashan to quarry stone. He cast twelve copper pillars, painted them with gold, carved them with hundreds of objects, and decorated them with pearls.
What kind of prohibition on luxury is this?
Sima Yan went to Wang Ji's house for dinner. The food on the table was very rich.
It can be imagined that in ancient times when transportation was inconvenient and supplies were scarce, meals were specially mentioned. It can be seen that they were ingredients that were difficult to obtain or scarce under the conditions at that time.
Moreover, these foods were all served in glassware. One of the steamed pigs - probably steamed suckling pig - was very delicious. Sima Yan asked how it was cooked, and Wang Ji said it was steamed with human milk. Sima Yan was displeased and asked
He left the table before finishing his meal.
However, Sima Yan did not punish Wang Ji afterwards.
At that time, the noble relatives Wang Kai, Yang Xiu, Jia Mi, the hero He Zeng, Zeng Zishao, Shi Chong, Ren Kai, Yu Zhi, He Qiao and Wang Jun were all extremely extravagant. You can still find them if you search on the Internet now.
How did these people fight for wealth? However, Sima Yan did not punish or reprimand them.
The anti-sumptuary order became a decoration.
At the beginning of Xianning (Xianning: April 275 to 280, the second reign of Sima Yan during his reign), Fu Xian wrote a letter saying:
"In ancient times, Yao lived in thatched houses, but now, people are rushing to decorate their houses. In ancient times, ministers did not have delicious food, but now, even merchants are disgusted with exquisite meals. In ancient times, only queens and concubines had special clothes.
Nowadays, concubines and maids all wear silk clothes. In ancient times, only those above the rank of doctor did not walk. Nowadays, lowly servants have become fat because of riding in cars." (To be continued)
This chapter has been completed!